Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfur and Sulfur-Selenium Nanoparticles Loaded on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Their Antibacterial Activity against Gram-Positive Pathogens
Resistance to antimicrobial agents in Gram-positive bacteria has become a major concern in the last decade. Recently, nanoparticles (NP) have emerged as a potential solution to antibiotic resistance. We synthesized three reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticles, namely rGO, rGO-S, and rGO-S/Se, an...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/2/191 |
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| author | Rashmi Niranjan Saad Zafar Bimlesh Lochab Richa Priyadarshini |
| author_facet | Rashmi Niranjan Saad Zafar Bimlesh Lochab Richa Priyadarshini |
| author_sort | Rashmi Niranjan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Resistance to antimicrobial agents in Gram-positive bacteria has become a major concern in the last decade. Recently, nanoparticles (NP) have emerged as a potential solution to antibiotic resistance. We synthesized three reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticles, namely rGO, rGO-S, and rGO-S/Se, and characterized them using X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed spherical shape nanometer size S and S/Se NPs on the rGO surface. Antibacterial properties of all three nanomaterials were probed against Gram-positive pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, using turbidometeric and CFU assays. Among the synthesized nanomaterials, rGO-S/Se exhibited relatively strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive microorganism tested in a concentration dependent manner (growth inhibition >90% at 200 μg/mL). Atomic force microscopy of rGO-S/Se treated cells displayed morphological aberrations. Our studies also revealed that rGO composite NPs are able to deposit on the bacterial cell surface, resulting in membrane perturbation and oxidative stress. Taken together, our results suggest a possible three-pronged approach of bacterial cytotoxicity by these graphene-based materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:49:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f42f57dbcacc45a688ec37fb3c1666bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:49:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-f42f57dbcacc45a688ec37fb3c1666bb2023-11-23T14:54:24ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-01-0112219110.3390/nano12020191Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfur and Sulfur-Selenium Nanoparticles Loaded on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Their Antibacterial Activity against Gram-Positive PathogensRashmi Niranjan0Saad Zafar1Bimlesh Lochab2Richa Priyadarshini3Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, IndiaMaterials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, IndiaMaterials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, IndiaResistance to antimicrobial agents in Gram-positive bacteria has become a major concern in the last decade. Recently, nanoparticles (NP) have emerged as a potential solution to antibiotic resistance. We synthesized three reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticles, namely rGO, rGO-S, and rGO-S/Se, and characterized them using X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed spherical shape nanometer size S and S/Se NPs on the rGO surface. Antibacterial properties of all three nanomaterials were probed against Gram-positive pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, using turbidometeric and CFU assays. Among the synthesized nanomaterials, rGO-S/Se exhibited relatively strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive microorganism tested in a concentration dependent manner (growth inhibition >90% at 200 μg/mL). Atomic force microscopy of rGO-S/Se treated cells displayed morphological aberrations. Our studies also revealed that rGO composite NPs are able to deposit on the bacterial cell surface, resulting in membrane perturbation and oxidative stress. Taken together, our results suggest a possible three-pronged approach of bacterial cytotoxicity by these graphene-based materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/2/191sulfur-selenium/reduced graphene oxide nanomaterialsantibacterialoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Rashmi Niranjan Saad Zafar Bimlesh Lochab Richa Priyadarshini Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfur and Sulfur-Selenium Nanoparticles Loaded on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Their Antibacterial Activity against Gram-Positive Pathogens Nanomaterials sulfur-selenium/reduced graphene oxide nanomaterials antibacterial oxidative stress |
| title | Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfur and Sulfur-Selenium Nanoparticles Loaded on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Their Antibacterial Activity against Gram-Positive Pathogens |
| title_full | Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfur and Sulfur-Selenium Nanoparticles Loaded on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Their Antibacterial Activity against Gram-Positive Pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfur and Sulfur-Selenium Nanoparticles Loaded on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Their Antibacterial Activity against Gram-Positive Pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfur and Sulfur-Selenium Nanoparticles Loaded on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Their Antibacterial Activity against Gram-Positive Pathogens |
| title_short | Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfur and Sulfur-Selenium Nanoparticles Loaded on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Their Antibacterial Activity against Gram-Positive Pathogens |
| title_sort | synthesis and characterization of sulfur and sulfur selenium nanoparticles loaded on reduced graphene oxide and their antibacterial activity against gram positive pathogens |
| topic | sulfur-selenium/reduced graphene oxide nanomaterials antibacterial oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/2/191 |
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