Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect
Abstract In associative learning in mammals, it is widely accepted that learning is determined by the prediction error, i.e., the error between the actual reward and the reward predicted by the animal. However, it is unclear whether error-based learning theories are applicable to the learning occurr...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13800-2 |
| _version_ | 1828326047562596352 |
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| author | Kanta Terao Yukihisa Matsumoto Beatriz Álvarez Makoto Mizunami |
| author_facet | Kanta Terao Yukihisa Matsumoto Beatriz Álvarez Makoto Mizunami |
| author_sort | Kanta Terao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In associative learning in mammals, it is widely accepted that learning is determined by the prediction error, i.e., the error between the actual reward and the reward predicted by the animal. However, it is unclear whether error-based learning theories are applicable to the learning occurring in other non-mammalian species. Here, we examined whether overexpectation, a phenomenon that supports error-based learning theories, occurs in crickets. Crickets were independently trained with two different conditioned stimuli (CSs), an odour and a visual pattern, that were followed by an appetitive unconditioned stimulus (US). Then the two CSs were presented simultaneously as a compound, followed by the same US. This treatment resulted in a reduced conditioned response to the odour CS when tested immediately after training. However, the response to the CS was partially recovered after 1 day. These results are the first to show overexpectation and its spontaneous recovery in an invertebrate species. While the results showing overexpectation are in agreement with the prediction by the Rescorla-Wagner model, a major form of error-based learning theories, the ones showing spontaneous recovery are not. Our results suggest that conventional error-based learning models account for some, but not for all essential features of Pavlovian conditioning in crickets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:33:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4399ecdfa434490928cb65871420d57 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:33:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4399ecdfa434490928cb65871420d572022-12-22T02:33:07ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-06-011211910.1038/s41598-022-13800-2Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insectKanta Terao0Yukihisa Matsumoto1Beatriz Álvarez2Makoto Mizunami3College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityCollege of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityFacultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Pública de NavarraFaculty of Science, Hokkaido UniversityAbstract In associative learning in mammals, it is widely accepted that learning is determined by the prediction error, i.e., the error between the actual reward and the reward predicted by the animal. However, it is unclear whether error-based learning theories are applicable to the learning occurring in other non-mammalian species. Here, we examined whether overexpectation, a phenomenon that supports error-based learning theories, occurs in crickets. Crickets were independently trained with two different conditioned stimuli (CSs), an odour and a visual pattern, that were followed by an appetitive unconditioned stimulus (US). Then the two CSs were presented simultaneously as a compound, followed by the same US. This treatment resulted in a reduced conditioned response to the odour CS when tested immediately after training. However, the response to the CS was partially recovered after 1 day. These results are the first to show overexpectation and its spontaneous recovery in an invertebrate species. While the results showing overexpectation are in agreement with the prediction by the Rescorla-Wagner model, a major form of error-based learning theories, the ones showing spontaneous recovery are not. Our results suggest that conventional error-based learning models account for some, but not for all essential features of Pavlovian conditioning in crickets.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13800-2 |
| spellingShingle | Kanta Terao Yukihisa Matsumoto Beatriz Álvarez Makoto Mizunami Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect Scientific Reports |
| title | Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect |
| title_full | Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect |
| title_fullStr | Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect |
| title_short | Spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect |
| title_sort | spontaneous recovery from overexpectation in an insect |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13800-2 |
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