Determination of Lipid Hydroperoxides in Marine Diatoms by the FOX2 Assay
Ecologically-relevant marine diatoms produce a plethora of bioactive oxylipins deriving from fatty acid oxidation, including aldehydes, hydroxy-fatty acids, epoxy-hydroxy-fatty acids, and oxo-acids. These secondary metabolites have been related to the negative effect of diatoms on copepod reproduct...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2015-09-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/13/9/5767 |
| _version_ | 1818033402078560256 |
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| author | Ida Orefice Andrea Gerecht Giuliana d'Ippolito Angelo Fontana Adrianna Ianora Giovanna Romano |
| author_facet | Ida Orefice Andrea Gerecht Giuliana d'Ippolito Angelo Fontana Adrianna Ianora Giovanna Romano |
| author_sort | Ida Orefice |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ecologically-relevant marine diatoms produce a plethora of bioactive oxylipins deriving from fatty acid oxidation, including aldehydes, hydroxy-fatty acids, epoxy-hydroxy-fatty acids, and oxo-acids. These secondary metabolites have been related to the negative effect of diatoms on copepod reproduction, causing low hatching success and teratogenesis in the offspring during periods of intense diatom blooms. The common intermediates in the formation of oxylipins are fatty acid hydroperoxides. The quantitative measurement of these intermediates can fundamentally contribute to understanding the function and role of lipoxygenase metabolites in diatom-copepod interactions. Here, we describe the successful adaptation of the ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange 2 (FOX2) assay to diatom samples, which showed several advantages over other spectrophotometric and polarographic methods tested in the present work. Using this method we assessed fatty acid hydroperoxide levels in three diatom species: Skeletonema marinoi, Thalassiosira rotula, and Chaetoceros affinis, and discuss results in light of the literature data on their detrimental effects on copepod reproduction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:22:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f43ab1697c3b416499fda5611a6fbdbf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:22:41Z |
| publishDate | 2015-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-f43ab1697c3b416499fda5611a6fbdbf2022-12-22T01:59:18ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972015-09-011395767578310.3390/md13095767md13095767Determination of Lipid Hydroperoxides in Marine Diatoms by the FOX2 AssayIda Orefice0Andrea Gerecht1Giuliana d'Ippolito2Angelo Fontana3Adrianna Ianora4Giovanna Romano5Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, ItalyFaculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, NorwayBio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, ItalyBio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, ItalyChemical Ecology Laboratory, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, ItalyChemical Ecology Laboratory, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, ItalyEcologically-relevant marine diatoms produce a plethora of bioactive oxylipins deriving from fatty acid oxidation, including aldehydes, hydroxy-fatty acids, epoxy-hydroxy-fatty acids, and oxo-acids. These secondary metabolites have been related to the negative effect of diatoms on copepod reproduction, causing low hatching success and teratogenesis in the offspring during periods of intense diatom blooms. The common intermediates in the formation of oxylipins are fatty acid hydroperoxides. The quantitative measurement of these intermediates can fundamentally contribute to understanding the function and role of lipoxygenase metabolites in diatom-copepod interactions. Here, we describe the successful adaptation of the ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange 2 (FOX2) assay to diatom samples, which showed several advantages over other spectrophotometric and polarographic methods tested in the present work. Using this method we assessed fatty acid hydroperoxide levels in three diatom species: Skeletonema marinoi, Thalassiosira rotula, and Chaetoceros affinis, and discuss results in light of the literature data on their detrimental effects on copepod reproduction.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/13/9/5767diatomsdiatom detrimental effectfatty acid hydroperoxidesFOX2 assaylipoxygenaseoxylipins |
| spellingShingle | Ida Orefice Andrea Gerecht Giuliana d'Ippolito Angelo Fontana Adrianna Ianora Giovanna Romano Determination of Lipid Hydroperoxides in Marine Diatoms by the FOX2 Assay Marine Drugs diatoms diatom detrimental effect fatty acid hydroperoxides FOX2 assay lipoxygenase oxylipins |
| title | Determination of Lipid Hydroperoxides in Marine Diatoms by the FOX2 Assay |
| title_full | Determination of Lipid Hydroperoxides in Marine Diatoms by the FOX2 Assay |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Lipid Hydroperoxides in Marine Diatoms by the FOX2 Assay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Lipid Hydroperoxides in Marine Diatoms by the FOX2 Assay |
| title_short | Determination of Lipid Hydroperoxides in Marine Diatoms by the FOX2 Assay |
| title_sort | determination of lipid hydroperoxides in marine diatoms by the fox2 assay |
| topic | diatoms diatom detrimental effect fatty acid hydroperoxides FOX2 assay lipoxygenase oxylipins |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/13/9/5767 |
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