The Similarities between Human Mitochondria and Bacteria in the Context of Structure, Genome, and Base Excision Repair System
Mitochondria emerged from bacterial ancestors during endosymbiosis and are crucial for cellular processes such as energy production and homeostasis, stress responses, cell survival, and more. They are the site of aerobic respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in eukaryotes. However,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/12/2857 |
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| author | Karolina Boguszewska Michał Szewczuk Julia Kaźmierczak-Barańska Bolesław T. Karwowski |
| author_facet | Karolina Boguszewska Michał Szewczuk Julia Kaźmierczak-Barańska Bolesław T. Karwowski |
| author_sort | Karolina Boguszewska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mitochondria emerged from bacterial ancestors during endosymbiosis and are crucial for cellular processes such as energy production and homeostasis, stress responses, cell survival, and more. They are the site of aerobic respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in eukaryotes. However, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is also the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are both important and dangerous for the cell. Human mitochondria contain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and its integrity may be endangered by the action of ROS. Fortunately, human mitochondria have repair mechanisms that allow protecting mtDNA and repairing lesions that may contribute to the occurrence of mutations. Mutagenesis of the mitochondrial genome may manifest in the form of pathological states such as mitochondrial, neurodegenerative, and/or cardiovascular diseases, premature aging, and cancer. The review describes the mitochondrial structure, genome, and the main mitochondrial repair mechanism (base excision repair (BER)) of oxidative lesions in the context of common features between human mitochondria and bacteria. The authors present a holistic view of the similarities of mitochondria and bacteria to show that bacteria may be an interesting experimental model for studying mitochondrial diseases, especially those where the mechanism of DNA repair is impaired. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:59:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4445df103ff440d9f406c7db881677a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:59:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4445df103ff440d9f406c7db881677a2023-11-20T04:30:37ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-06-012512285710.3390/molecules25122857The Similarities between Human Mitochondria and Bacteria in the Context of Structure, Genome, and Base Excision Repair SystemKarolina Boguszewska0Michał Szewczuk1Julia Kaźmierczak-Barańska2Bolesław T. Karwowski3DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, PolandDNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, PolandDNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, PolandDNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, PolandMitochondria emerged from bacterial ancestors during endosymbiosis and are crucial for cellular processes such as energy production and homeostasis, stress responses, cell survival, and more. They are the site of aerobic respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in eukaryotes. However, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is also the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are both important and dangerous for the cell. Human mitochondria contain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and its integrity may be endangered by the action of ROS. Fortunately, human mitochondria have repair mechanisms that allow protecting mtDNA and repairing lesions that may contribute to the occurrence of mutations. Mutagenesis of the mitochondrial genome may manifest in the form of pathological states such as mitochondrial, neurodegenerative, and/or cardiovascular diseases, premature aging, and cancer. The review describes the mitochondrial structure, genome, and the main mitochondrial repair mechanism (base excision repair (BER)) of oxidative lesions in the context of common features between human mitochondria and bacteria. The authors present a holistic view of the similarities of mitochondria and bacteria to show that bacteria may be an interesting experimental model for studying mitochondrial diseases, especially those where the mechanism of DNA repair is impaired.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/12/2857mitochondriamtDNADNA repairBERROS |
| spellingShingle | Karolina Boguszewska Michał Szewczuk Julia Kaźmierczak-Barańska Bolesław T. Karwowski The Similarities between Human Mitochondria and Bacteria in the Context of Structure, Genome, and Base Excision Repair System Molecules mitochondria mtDNA DNA repair BER ROS |
| title | The Similarities between Human Mitochondria and Bacteria in the Context of Structure, Genome, and Base Excision Repair System |
| title_full | The Similarities between Human Mitochondria and Bacteria in the Context of Structure, Genome, and Base Excision Repair System |
| title_fullStr | The Similarities between Human Mitochondria and Bacteria in the Context of Structure, Genome, and Base Excision Repair System |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Similarities between Human Mitochondria and Bacteria in the Context of Structure, Genome, and Base Excision Repair System |
| title_short | The Similarities between Human Mitochondria and Bacteria in the Context of Structure, Genome, and Base Excision Repair System |
| title_sort | similarities between human mitochondria and bacteria in the context of structure genome and base excision repair system |
| topic | mitochondria mtDNA DNA repair BER ROS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/12/2857 |
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