Cell Death and Metabolic Stress in <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i> Induced by Allelopathy
Allelopathy between phytoplankton species can promote cellular stress and programmed cell death (PCD). The raphidophyte <i>Chattonella marina</i> var. <i>marina</i>, and the dinoflagellates <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> and <i>Gymnodinium impudicum<...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-07-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/7/506 |
| _version_ | 1797526019611033600 |
|---|---|
| author | Leyberth José Fernández-Herrera Christine Johanna Band-Schmidt Tania Zenteno-Savín Ignacio Leyva-Valencia Claudia Judith Hernández-Guerrero Mauricio Muñoz-Ochoa |
| author_facet | Leyberth José Fernández-Herrera Christine Johanna Band-Schmidt Tania Zenteno-Savín Ignacio Leyva-Valencia Claudia Judith Hernández-Guerrero Mauricio Muñoz-Ochoa |
| author_sort | Leyberth José Fernández-Herrera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Allelopathy between phytoplankton species can promote cellular stress and programmed cell death (PCD). The raphidophyte <i>Chattonella marina</i> var. <i>marina</i>, and the dinoflagellates <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> and <i>Gymnodinium impudicum</i> have allelopathic effects on <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i>; however, the physiological mechanisms are unknown. We evaluated whether the allelopathic effect promotes cellular stress and activates PCD in <i>G. catenatum</i>. Cultures of <i>G. catenatum</i> were exposed to cell-free media of <i>C. marina</i> var. <i>marina</i>, <i>M. polykrikoides</i> and <i>G. impudicum</i>. The mortality, superoxide radical (O<sub>2</sub><sup>●−</sup>) production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, protein content, and caspase-3 activity were quantified. Mortality (between 57 and 79%) was registered in <i>G. catenatum</i> after exposure to cell-free media of the three species. The maximal O<sub>2</sub><sup>●−</sup> production occurred with <i>C. marina</i> var<i>. marina</i> cell-free media. The highest TBARS levels and SOD activity in <i>G. catenatum</i> were recorded with cell-free media from <i>G. impudicum</i>. The highest protein content was recorded with cell-free media from <i>M. polykrikoides</i>. All cell-free media caused an increase in the activity of caspase-3. These results indicate that the allelopathic effect in <i>G. catenatum</i> promotes cell stress and caspase-3 activation, as a signal for the induction of programmed cell death. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:21:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f44cdfedd7bd467d83b8b58d23cd4638 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:21:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-f44cdfedd7bd467d83b8b58d23cd46382023-11-22T05:11:20ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-07-0113750610.3390/toxins13070506Cell Death and Metabolic Stress in <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i> Induced by AllelopathyLeyberth José Fernández-Herrera0Christine Johanna Band-Schmidt1Tania Zenteno-Savín2Ignacio Leyva-Valencia3Claudia Judith Hernández-Guerrero4Mauricio Muñoz-Ochoa5Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (IPN-CICIMAR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, MexicoCentro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (IPN-CICIMAR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, MexicoCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), S.C. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, MexicoConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CONACyT, IPN-CICIMAR), Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, MexicoCentro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (IPN-CICIMAR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, MexicoCentro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (IPN-CICIMAR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz 23096, MexicoAllelopathy between phytoplankton species can promote cellular stress and programmed cell death (PCD). The raphidophyte <i>Chattonella marina</i> var. <i>marina</i>, and the dinoflagellates <i>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</i> and <i>Gymnodinium impudicum</i> have allelopathic effects on <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i>; however, the physiological mechanisms are unknown. We evaluated whether the allelopathic effect promotes cellular stress and activates PCD in <i>G. catenatum</i>. Cultures of <i>G. catenatum</i> were exposed to cell-free media of <i>C. marina</i> var. <i>marina</i>, <i>M. polykrikoides</i> and <i>G. impudicum</i>. The mortality, superoxide radical (O<sub>2</sub><sup>●−</sup>) production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, protein content, and caspase-3 activity were quantified. Mortality (between 57 and 79%) was registered in <i>G. catenatum</i> after exposure to cell-free media of the three species. The maximal O<sub>2</sub><sup>●−</sup> production occurred with <i>C. marina</i> var<i>. marina</i> cell-free media. The highest TBARS levels and SOD activity in <i>G. catenatum</i> were recorded with cell-free media from <i>G. impudicum</i>. The highest protein content was recorded with cell-free media from <i>M. polykrikoides</i>. All cell-free media caused an increase in the activity of caspase-3. These results indicate that the allelopathic effect in <i>G. catenatum</i> promotes cell stress and caspase-3 activation, as a signal for the induction of programmed cell death.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/7/506allelopathyapoptosiscaspase-3harmful algaereactive oxygen species |
| spellingShingle | Leyberth José Fernández-Herrera Christine Johanna Band-Schmidt Tania Zenteno-Savín Ignacio Leyva-Valencia Claudia Judith Hernández-Guerrero Mauricio Muñoz-Ochoa Cell Death and Metabolic Stress in <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i> Induced by Allelopathy Toxins allelopathy apoptosis caspase-3 harmful algae reactive oxygen species |
| title | Cell Death and Metabolic Stress in <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i> Induced by Allelopathy |
| title_full | Cell Death and Metabolic Stress in <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i> Induced by Allelopathy |
| title_fullStr | Cell Death and Metabolic Stress in <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i> Induced by Allelopathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cell Death and Metabolic Stress in <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i> Induced by Allelopathy |
| title_short | Cell Death and Metabolic Stress in <i>Gymnodinium catenatum</i> Induced by Allelopathy |
| title_sort | cell death and metabolic stress in i gymnodinium catenatum i induced by allelopathy |
| topic | allelopathy apoptosis caspase-3 harmful algae reactive oxygen species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/7/506 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leyberthjosefernandezherrera celldeathandmetabolicstressinigymnodiniumcatenatumiinducedbyallelopathy AT christinejohannabandschmidt celldeathandmetabolicstressinigymnodiniumcatenatumiinducedbyallelopathy AT taniazentenosavin celldeathandmetabolicstressinigymnodiniumcatenatumiinducedbyallelopathy AT ignacioleyvavalencia celldeathandmetabolicstressinigymnodiniumcatenatumiinducedbyallelopathy AT claudiajudithhernandezguerrero celldeathandmetabolicstressinigymnodiniumcatenatumiinducedbyallelopathy AT mauriciomunozochoa celldeathandmetabolicstressinigymnodiniumcatenatumiinducedbyallelopathy |