Energy-Environmental Planning of Electric Vehicles (EVs): A Case Study of the National Energy System of Pakistan
Energy-environmental planning for road transportation involves a vast investigation of vehicles’ technologies and electricity production. However, in developing countries where the public transportation sector is growing quickly, energy-environmental planning is urgently needed. This paper evaluates...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3054 |
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| author | Anam Nadeem Mosè Rossi Erica Corradi Lingkang Jin Gabriele Comodi Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh |
| author_facet | Anam Nadeem Mosè Rossi Erica Corradi Lingkang Jin Gabriele Comodi Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh |
| author_sort | Anam Nadeem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Energy-environmental planning for road transportation involves a vast investigation of vehicles’ technologies and electricity production. However, in developing countries where the public transportation sector is growing quickly, energy-environmental planning is urgently needed. This paper evaluates the future electricity demand, as well as fuel consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reduction, due to the operation of an expected increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) in Pakistan. The planning of EVs up to 2040 is performed with the ePop simulator that calculates the future EVs’ electricity demand, while EnergyPLAN<sup>®</sup> assesses the expected new power capacities. Two scenarios are investigated by penetrating 30% and 90% of 2/3 electric wheelers and cars by 2030 and 2040 compared to 2020, respectively. To fulfill the expected energy demand, PV in the daytime and the national electric grid at nighttime are here considered. Finally, a 9 GW of PV capacity is needed to satisfy the EVs’ electricity demand of 14.7 TWh/year, and a 0.7 GW power plants capacity is needed to fulfill 4.7 TWh/year by 2040. Consequently, EVs’ charging scenarios at daytime and nighttime are assessed. Results indicated a total reduction of 10.4 Mtonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and 9.1 Mtoe of fuel consumption by 2040 in the transportation sector. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:13:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4525294fa264966b69fe9ce783ad7db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:13:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4525294fa264966b69fe9ce783ad7db2023-11-23T08:05:53ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-04-01159305410.3390/en15093054Energy-Environmental Planning of Electric Vehicles (EVs): A Case Study of the National Energy System of PakistanAnam Nadeem0Mosè Rossi1Erica Corradi2Lingkang Jin3Gabriele Comodi4Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh5Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, PakistanEnergy-environmental planning for road transportation involves a vast investigation of vehicles’ technologies and electricity production. However, in developing countries where the public transportation sector is growing quickly, energy-environmental planning is urgently needed. This paper evaluates the future electricity demand, as well as fuel consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reduction, due to the operation of an expected increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) in Pakistan. The planning of EVs up to 2040 is performed with the ePop simulator that calculates the future EVs’ electricity demand, while EnergyPLAN<sup>®</sup> assesses the expected new power capacities. Two scenarios are investigated by penetrating 30% and 90% of 2/3 electric wheelers and cars by 2030 and 2040 compared to 2020, respectively. To fulfill the expected energy demand, PV in the daytime and the national electric grid at nighttime are here considered. Finally, a 9 GW of PV capacity is needed to satisfy the EVs’ electricity demand of 14.7 TWh/year, and a 0.7 GW power plants capacity is needed to fulfill 4.7 TWh/year by 2040. Consequently, EVs’ charging scenarios at daytime and nighttime are assessed. Results indicated a total reduction of 10.4 Mtonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and 9.1 Mtoe of fuel consumption by 2040 in the transportation sector.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3054CO<sub>2</sub> emissionselectric vehiclesePop simulatorEnergyPLAN<sup>®</sup>Pakistanrenewable energy |
| spellingShingle | Anam Nadeem Mosè Rossi Erica Corradi Lingkang Jin Gabriele Comodi Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh Energy-Environmental Planning of Electric Vehicles (EVs): A Case Study of the National Energy System of Pakistan Energies CO<sub>2</sub> emissions electric vehicles ePop simulator EnergyPLAN<sup>®</sup> Pakistan renewable energy |
| title | Energy-Environmental Planning of Electric Vehicles (EVs): A Case Study of the National Energy System of Pakistan |
| title_full | Energy-Environmental Planning of Electric Vehicles (EVs): A Case Study of the National Energy System of Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Energy-Environmental Planning of Electric Vehicles (EVs): A Case Study of the National Energy System of Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy-Environmental Planning of Electric Vehicles (EVs): A Case Study of the National Energy System of Pakistan |
| title_short | Energy-Environmental Planning of Electric Vehicles (EVs): A Case Study of the National Energy System of Pakistan |
| title_sort | energy environmental planning of electric vehicles evs a case study of the national energy system of pakistan |
| topic | CO<sub>2</sub> emissions electric vehicles ePop simulator EnergyPLAN<sup>®</sup> Pakistan renewable energy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3054 |
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