Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review
OFCs (orofacial clefts) are among the most frequent congenital defects, but their etiology has yet to be clarified. OFCs affect different structures and functions with social, psychological and economic implications in children and their families. Identifying modifiable risk factors is mandatory to...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Children |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/12/1846 |
| _version_ | 1797460913470570496 |
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| author | Angelo Michele Inchingolo Maria Celeste Fatone Giuseppina Malcangi Pasquale Avantario Fabio Piras Assunta Patano Chiara Di Pede Anna Netti Anna Maria Ciocia Elisabetta De Ruvo Fabio Viapiano Giulia Palmieri Merigrazia Campanelli Antonio Mancini Vito Settanni Vincenzo Carpentiere Grazia Marinelli Giulia Latini Biagio Rapone Gianluca Martino Tartaglia Ioana Roxana Bordea Antonio Scarano Felice Lorusso Daniela Di Venere Francesco Inchingolo Alessio Danilo Inchingolo Gianna Dipalma |
| author_facet | Angelo Michele Inchingolo Maria Celeste Fatone Giuseppina Malcangi Pasquale Avantario Fabio Piras Assunta Patano Chiara Di Pede Anna Netti Anna Maria Ciocia Elisabetta De Ruvo Fabio Viapiano Giulia Palmieri Merigrazia Campanelli Antonio Mancini Vito Settanni Vincenzo Carpentiere Grazia Marinelli Giulia Latini Biagio Rapone Gianluca Martino Tartaglia Ioana Roxana Bordea Antonio Scarano Felice Lorusso Daniela Di Venere Francesco Inchingolo Alessio Danilo Inchingolo Gianna Dipalma |
| author_sort | Angelo Michele Inchingolo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | OFCs (orofacial clefts) are among the most frequent congenital defects, but their etiology has yet to be clarified. OFCs affect different structures and functions with social, psychological and economic implications in children and their families. Identifying modifiable risk factors is mandatory to prevent the occurrence of non-syndromic OFCs (NSOFCs). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from 1 January 2012 to 25 May 2022 and a total of 7668 publications were identified. Studies focusing on the risk factors of NSOFCs were selected, leading to 62 case-control and randomized clinical trials. Risk factors were categorized into non-modifiable and modifiable. The first group includes genetic polymorphisms, gender of the newborn, ethnicity, and familiarity. Within the second group, risk factors that can only be modified before conception (consanguinity, parental age at conception, socio-economical and educational level, area of residency and climate), and risk factors modifiable before and after conception (weight, nutritional state, acute and chronic diseases, psychophysical stress, licit and illicit drugs, alcohol, smoke, pollutants and contaminants) have been distinguished. This study provides a wide overview of the risk factors of NSOFCs, focusing on modifiable ones, to suggest new perspectives in education, prevention, medical interventions and clinical research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:11:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f45a1bbd44d64451a19d6a81d7309083 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:11:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj.art-f45a1bbd44d64451a19d6a81d73090832023-11-24T14:00:45ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672022-11-01912184610.3390/children9121846Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic ReviewAngelo Michele Inchingolo0Maria Celeste Fatone1Giuseppina Malcangi2Pasquale Avantario3Fabio Piras4Assunta Patano5Chiara Di Pede6Anna Netti7Anna Maria Ciocia8Elisabetta De Ruvo9Fabio Viapiano10Giulia Palmieri11Merigrazia Campanelli12Antonio Mancini13Vito Settanni14Vincenzo Carpentiere15Grazia Marinelli16Giulia Latini17Biagio Rapone18Gianluca Martino Tartaglia19Ioana Roxana Bordea20Antonio Scarano21Felice Lorusso22Daniela Di Venere23Francesco Inchingolo24Alessio Danilo Inchingolo25Gianna Dipalma26Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyPTA Trani-ASL BT, Viale Padre Pio, 76125 Trani, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyUOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyOFCs (orofacial clefts) are among the most frequent congenital defects, but their etiology has yet to be clarified. OFCs affect different structures and functions with social, psychological and economic implications in children and their families. Identifying modifiable risk factors is mandatory to prevent the occurrence of non-syndromic OFCs (NSOFCs). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from 1 January 2012 to 25 May 2022 and a total of 7668 publications were identified. Studies focusing on the risk factors of NSOFCs were selected, leading to 62 case-control and randomized clinical trials. Risk factors were categorized into non-modifiable and modifiable. The first group includes genetic polymorphisms, gender of the newborn, ethnicity, and familiarity. Within the second group, risk factors that can only be modified before conception (consanguinity, parental age at conception, socio-economical and educational level, area of residency and climate), and risk factors modifiable before and after conception (weight, nutritional state, acute and chronic diseases, psychophysical stress, licit and illicit drugs, alcohol, smoke, pollutants and contaminants) have been distinguished. This study provides a wide overview of the risk factors of NSOFCs, focusing on modifiable ones, to suggest new perspectives in education, prevention, medical interventions and clinical research.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/12/1846alcoholcleft lip and palatecontaminantsdrugsorofacial cleftspregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Angelo Michele Inchingolo Maria Celeste Fatone Giuseppina Malcangi Pasquale Avantario Fabio Piras Assunta Patano Chiara Di Pede Anna Netti Anna Maria Ciocia Elisabetta De Ruvo Fabio Viapiano Giulia Palmieri Merigrazia Campanelli Antonio Mancini Vito Settanni Vincenzo Carpentiere Grazia Marinelli Giulia Latini Biagio Rapone Gianluca Martino Tartaglia Ioana Roxana Bordea Antonio Scarano Felice Lorusso Daniela Di Venere Francesco Inchingolo Alessio Danilo Inchingolo Gianna Dipalma Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review Children alcohol cleft lip and palate contaminants drugs orofacial clefts pregnancy |
| title | Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | modifiable risk factors of non syndromic orofacial clefts a systematic review |
| topic | alcohol cleft lip and palate contaminants drugs orofacial clefts pregnancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/9/12/1846 |
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