Higher serum β2-microglobulin is a predictive biomarker for cognitive impairment in spinal cord injury
Objective Recent studies have suggested that high levels of β2-microglobulin are linked to cognitive deterioration; however, it is unclear how this connects to spinal cord injury (SCI). This study sought to determine whether there was any association between cognitive decline and serum β2-microglobu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2023-05-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/15372.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797409296881811456 |
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| author | Zhonghao Cui Shuai Wang Yanke Hao Yuanzhen Chen |
| author_facet | Zhonghao Cui Shuai Wang Yanke Hao Yuanzhen Chen |
| author_sort | Zhonghao Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective Recent studies have suggested that high levels of β2-microglobulin are linked to cognitive deterioration; however, it is unclear how this connects to spinal cord injury (SCI). This study sought to determine whether there was any association between cognitive decline and serum β2-microglobulin levels in patients with SCI. Methods A total of 96 patients with SCI and 56 healthy volunteers were enrolled as study participants. At the time of enrollment, specific baseline data including age, gender, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), smoking, and alcohol use were recorded. Each participant was assessed by a qualified physician using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale. Serum β2-microglobulin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reagent for β2-microglobulin. Results A total of 152 participants were enrolled, with 56 in the control group and 96 in the SCI group. There were no significant baseline data differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). The control group had a MoCA score of 27.4 ± 1.1 and the SCI group had a score of 24.3 ± 1.5, with the difference being significant (p < 0.05). The serum ELISA results revealed that the levels of β2-microglobulin in the SCI group were considerably higher (p < 0.05) than those in the control group (2.08 ± 0.17 g/mL compared to 1.57 ± 0.11 g/mL). The serum β2-microglobulin level was used to categorize the patients with SCI into four groups. As serum β2-microglobulin levels increased, the MoCA score reduced (p < 0.05). After adjustment of baseline data, further regression analysis showed that serum β2-microglobulin level remained an independent risk factor for post-SCI cognitive impairment. Conclusions Patients with SCI had higher serum levels of β2-microglobulin, which may be a biomarker for cognitive decline following SCI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:12:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f45af99d23c94d399d2d7d8237143df5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:12:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
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| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-f45af99d23c94d399d2d7d8237143df52023-12-03T13:59:23ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592023-05-0111e1537210.7717/peerj.15372Higher serum β2-microglobulin is a predictive biomarker for cognitive impairment in spinal cord injuryZhonghao Cui0Shuai Wang1Yanke Hao2Yuanzhen Chen3Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center (School of Biomedical Sciences), Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, ChinaShandong University of TCM, Jinan, Shandong Province, ChinaOrthopedics Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, Shandong Province, ChinaShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center (School of Biomedical Sciences), Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, ChinaObjective Recent studies have suggested that high levels of β2-microglobulin are linked to cognitive deterioration; however, it is unclear how this connects to spinal cord injury (SCI). This study sought to determine whether there was any association between cognitive decline and serum β2-microglobulin levels in patients with SCI. Methods A total of 96 patients with SCI and 56 healthy volunteers were enrolled as study participants. At the time of enrollment, specific baseline data including age, gender, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), smoking, and alcohol use were recorded. Each participant was assessed by a qualified physician using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale. Serum β2-microglobulin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reagent for β2-microglobulin. Results A total of 152 participants were enrolled, with 56 in the control group and 96 in the SCI group. There were no significant baseline data differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). The control group had a MoCA score of 27.4 ± 1.1 and the SCI group had a score of 24.3 ± 1.5, with the difference being significant (p < 0.05). The serum ELISA results revealed that the levels of β2-microglobulin in the SCI group were considerably higher (p < 0.05) than those in the control group (2.08 ± 0.17 g/mL compared to 1.57 ± 0.11 g/mL). The serum β2-microglobulin level was used to categorize the patients with SCI into four groups. As serum β2-microglobulin levels increased, the MoCA score reduced (p < 0.05). After adjustment of baseline data, further regression analysis showed that serum β2-microglobulin level remained an independent risk factor for post-SCI cognitive impairment. Conclusions Patients with SCI had higher serum levels of β2-microglobulin, which may be a biomarker for cognitive decline following SCI.https://peerj.com/articles/15372.pdfβ2-MicroglobulinBiomarkerCognitive impairmentSpinal cord injury |
| spellingShingle | Zhonghao Cui Shuai Wang Yanke Hao Yuanzhen Chen Higher serum β2-microglobulin is a predictive biomarker for cognitive impairment in spinal cord injury PeerJ β2-Microglobulin Biomarker Cognitive impairment Spinal cord injury |
| title | Higher serum β2-microglobulin is a predictive biomarker for cognitive impairment in spinal cord injury |
| title_full | Higher serum β2-microglobulin is a predictive biomarker for cognitive impairment in spinal cord injury |
| title_fullStr | Higher serum β2-microglobulin is a predictive biomarker for cognitive impairment in spinal cord injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Higher serum β2-microglobulin is a predictive biomarker for cognitive impairment in spinal cord injury |
| title_short | Higher serum β2-microglobulin is a predictive biomarker for cognitive impairment in spinal cord injury |
| title_sort | higher serum β2 microglobulin is a predictive biomarker for cognitive impairment in spinal cord injury |
| topic | β2-Microglobulin Biomarker Cognitive impairment Spinal cord injury |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/15372.pdf |
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