Water Level Change of Qinghai Lake from ICESat and ICESat-2 Laser Altimetry
Long-term satellite observations of the water levels of lakes are crucial to our understanding of lake hydrological basin systems. The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation satellite (ICESat) and ICESat-2 were employed to monitor the water level of Qinghai Lake in the hydrological basin. The median of abso...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| author | Weixiao Han Chunlin Huang Juan Gu Jinliang Hou Ying Zhang Weizhen Wang |
| author_facet | Weixiao Han Chunlin Huang Juan Gu Jinliang Hou Ying Zhang Weizhen Wang |
| author_sort | Weixiao Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Long-term satellite observations of the water levels of lakes are crucial to our understanding of lake hydrological basin systems. The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation satellite (ICESat) and ICESat-2 were employed to monitor the water level of Qinghai Lake in the hydrological basin. The median of absolute deviation (MAD) method was exploited to remove the outliers. The results confirmed that the MAD range of ICESat was from 0.0525 to 0.2470 m, and the range of σ was from 0.0778 to 0.3662 m; the MAD range of ICESat-2 was from 0.0291 to 0.0490 m, and the range of σ was from 0.0431 to 0.0726 m; ICESat-2 was less than that of ICESat. The reference ellipsoid and geoid transfer equations were applied to convert the water level to the World Geodetic System (WGS84) and Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008) geoid. The water level, as derived from laser altimeters, was validated by the Xiashe Hydrological Station; with ICESat, the coefficient of association (R) was 0.8419, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.1449 m, and the mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.1144 m; with ICESat-2, the R was 0.6917, the RMSE was 0.0531 m, and the MAE was 0.0647 m. The water levels from ICESat-2 are much more accurate than those from ICESat. The two combined laser altimeters showed that the R was 0.9931, the RMSE was 0.1309 m, and the MAE was 0.1035 m. The water level rise was 3.6584 m from 2004 to 2020. The rising rate was 0.2287 m/a. The collaborative use of the ICESat-2 and ICESat satellites made it easier to obtain the lake water levels. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:55:00Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f4603423f989455083dd592d6564263c2023-11-24T17:45:59ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-12-011424621210.3390/rs14246212Water Level Change of Qinghai Lake from ICESat and ICESat-2 Laser AltimetryWeixiao Han0Chunlin Huang1Juan Gu2Jinliang Hou3Ying Zhang4Weizhen Wang5Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaLong-term satellite observations of the water levels of lakes are crucial to our understanding of lake hydrological basin systems. The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation satellite (ICESat) and ICESat-2 were employed to monitor the water level of Qinghai Lake in the hydrological basin. The median of absolute deviation (MAD) method was exploited to remove the outliers. The results confirmed that the MAD range of ICESat was from 0.0525 to 0.2470 m, and the range of σ was from 0.0778 to 0.3662 m; the MAD range of ICESat-2 was from 0.0291 to 0.0490 m, and the range of σ was from 0.0431 to 0.0726 m; ICESat-2 was less than that of ICESat. The reference ellipsoid and geoid transfer equations were applied to convert the water level to the World Geodetic System (WGS84) and Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008) geoid. The water level, as derived from laser altimeters, was validated by the Xiashe Hydrological Station; with ICESat, the coefficient of association (R) was 0.8419, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.1449 m, and the mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.1144 m; with ICESat-2, the R was 0.6917, the RMSE was 0.0531 m, and the MAE was 0.0647 m. The water levels from ICESat-2 are much more accurate than those from ICESat. The two combined laser altimeters showed that the R was 0.9931, the RMSE was 0.1309 m, and the MAE was 0.1035 m. The water level rise was 3.6584 m from 2004 to 2020. The rising rate was 0.2287 m/a. The collaborative use of the ICESat-2 and ICESat satellites made it easier to obtain the lake water levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6212Qinghai LakeICESatICESat-2laser altimetrywater level |
| spellingShingle | Weixiao Han Chunlin Huang Juan Gu Jinliang Hou Ying Zhang Weizhen Wang Water Level Change of Qinghai Lake from ICESat and ICESat-2 Laser Altimetry Remote Sensing Qinghai Lake ICESat ICESat-2 laser altimetry water level |
| title | Water Level Change of Qinghai Lake from ICESat and ICESat-2 Laser Altimetry |
| title_full | Water Level Change of Qinghai Lake from ICESat and ICESat-2 Laser Altimetry |
| title_fullStr | Water Level Change of Qinghai Lake from ICESat and ICESat-2 Laser Altimetry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water Level Change of Qinghai Lake from ICESat and ICESat-2 Laser Altimetry |
| title_short | Water Level Change of Qinghai Lake from ICESat and ICESat-2 Laser Altimetry |
| title_sort | water level change of qinghai lake from icesat and icesat 2 laser altimetry |
| topic | Qinghai Lake ICESat ICESat-2 laser altimetry water level |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/24/6212 |
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