Chemical Properties of Vitis Vinifera <i>Carménère</i> Pomace Extracts Obtained by Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction, and Their Inhibitory Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related Enzymes
Grape pomace polyphenols inhibit Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)-related enzymes, reinforcing their sustainable recovery to be used as an alternative to the synthetic drug acarbose. Protic co-solvents (ethanol 15% and glycerol 15%) were evaluated in the hot pressurized liquid extraction (HPLE) of Ca...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/472 |
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| author | Nils Leander Huamán-Castilla David Campos Diego García-Ríos Javier Parada Maximiliano Martínez-Cifuentes María Salomé Mariotti-Celis José Ricardo Pérez-Correa |
| author_facet | Nils Leander Huamán-Castilla David Campos Diego García-Ríos Javier Parada Maximiliano Martínez-Cifuentes María Salomé Mariotti-Celis José Ricardo Pérez-Correa |
| author_sort | Nils Leander Huamán-Castilla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Grape pomace polyphenols inhibit Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)-related enzymes, reinforcing their sustainable recovery to be used as an alternative to the synthetic drug acarbose. Protic co-solvents (ethanol 15% and glycerol 15%) were evaluated in the hot pressurized liquid extraction (HPLE) of Carménère pomace at 90, 120, and 150 °C in order to obtain extracts rich in monomers and oligomers of procyanidins with high antioxidant capacities and inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The higher the HPLE temperature (from 90 °C to 150 °C) the higher the total polyphenol content (~79%, ~83%, and ~143% for water-ethanol, water-glycerol and pure water, respectively) and antioxidant capacity of the extracts (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, ORAC), increased by ~26%, 27% and 13%, while the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) decreased by ~65%, 67%, and 59% for water-ethanol, water-glycerol, and pure water extracts, respectively). Water-glycerol HPLE at 150 and 120 °C recovered the highest amounts of monomers (99, 421, and 112 µg/g dw of phenolic acids, flavanols, and flavonols, respectively) and dimers of procyanidins (65 and 87 µg/g dw of B1 and B2, respectively). At 90 °C, the water-ethanol mixture extracted the highest amounts of procyanidin trimers (13 and 49 µg/g dw of C1 and B2, respectively) and procyanidin tetramers of B2 di-O-gallate (13 µg/g dw). Among the Carménère pomace extracts analyzed in this study, 1000 µg/mL of the water-ethanol extract obtained, at 90 °C, reduced differentially the α-amylase (56%) and α-glucosidase (98%) activities. At the same concentration, acarbose inhibited 56% of α-amylase and 73% of α-glucosidase activities; thus, our grape HPLE extracts can be considered a good inhibitor compared to the synthetic drug. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:10:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f46265c57d0447428965b00d5b209b56 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:10:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-f46265c57d0447428965b00d5b209b562023-11-21T10:47:22ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-03-0110347210.3390/antiox10030472Chemical Properties of Vitis Vinifera <i>Carménère</i> Pomace Extracts Obtained by Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction, and Their Inhibitory Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related EnzymesNils Leander Huamán-Castilla0David Campos1Diego García-Ríos2Javier Parada3Maximiliano Martínez-Cifuentes4María Salomé Mariotti-Celis5José Ricardo Pérez-Correa6Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, PeruInstituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina, Lima 15026, PeruInstituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina, Lima 15026, PeruInstitute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, ChileCentro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, ChileEscuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, ChileChemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, ChileGrape pomace polyphenols inhibit Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)-related enzymes, reinforcing their sustainable recovery to be used as an alternative to the synthetic drug acarbose. Protic co-solvents (ethanol 15% and glycerol 15%) were evaluated in the hot pressurized liquid extraction (HPLE) of Carménère pomace at 90, 120, and 150 °C in order to obtain extracts rich in monomers and oligomers of procyanidins with high antioxidant capacities and inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The higher the HPLE temperature (from 90 °C to 150 °C) the higher the total polyphenol content (~79%, ~83%, and ~143% for water-ethanol, water-glycerol and pure water, respectively) and antioxidant capacity of the extracts (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, ORAC), increased by ~26%, 27% and 13%, while the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) decreased by ~65%, 67%, and 59% for water-ethanol, water-glycerol, and pure water extracts, respectively). Water-glycerol HPLE at 150 and 120 °C recovered the highest amounts of monomers (99, 421, and 112 µg/g dw of phenolic acids, flavanols, and flavonols, respectively) and dimers of procyanidins (65 and 87 µg/g dw of B1 and B2, respectively). At 90 °C, the water-ethanol mixture extracted the highest amounts of procyanidin trimers (13 and 49 µg/g dw of C1 and B2, respectively) and procyanidin tetramers of B2 di-O-gallate (13 µg/g dw). Among the Carménère pomace extracts analyzed in this study, 1000 µg/mL of the water-ethanol extract obtained, at 90 °C, reduced differentially the α-amylase (56%) and α-glucosidase (98%) activities. At the same concentration, acarbose inhibited 56% of α-amylase and 73% of α-glucosidase activities; thus, our grape HPLE extracts can be considered a good inhibitor compared to the synthetic drug.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/472<i>carménère</i> pomacehot pressurized liquid extractionglycerolethanolα-amylaseα-glucosidase |
| spellingShingle | Nils Leander Huamán-Castilla David Campos Diego García-Ríos Javier Parada Maximiliano Martínez-Cifuentes María Salomé Mariotti-Celis José Ricardo Pérez-Correa Chemical Properties of Vitis Vinifera <i>Carménère</i> Pomace Extracts Obtained by Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction, and Their Inhibitory Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related Enzymes Antioxidants <i>carménère</i> pomace hot pressurized liquid extraction glycerol ethanol α-amylase α-glucosidase |
| title | Chemical Properties of Vitis Vinifera <i>Carménère</i> Pomace Extracts Obtained by Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction, and Their Inhibitory Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related Enzymes |
| title_full | Chemical Properties of Vitis Vinifera <i>Carménère</i> Pomace Extracts Obtained by Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction, and Their Inhibitory Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related Enzymes |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Properties of Vitis Vinifera <i>Carménère</i> Pomace Extracts Obtained by Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction, and Their Inhibitory Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related Enzymes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Properties of Vitis Vinifera <i>Carménère</i> Pomace Extracts Obtained by Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction, and Their Inhibitory Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related Enzymes |
| title_short | Chemical Properties of Vitis Vinifera <i>Carménère</i> Pomace Extracts Obtained by Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction, and Their Inhibitory Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related Enzymes |
| title_sort | chemical properties of vitis vinifera i carmenere i pomace extracts obtained by hot pressurized liquid extraction and their inhibitory effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus related enzymes |
| topic | <i>carménère</i> pomace hot pressurized liquid extraction glycerol ethanol α-amylase α-glucosidase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/472 |
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