Uses of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish in Hong Kong and the Antibiotic Resistance in the Associated Zoonotic Pathogens
The use of antibiotics in ornamental fish is not regulated, as they are not intended for human consumption. Although antibiotic resistant bacteria have been detected in ornamental fish worldwide, there have been no studies to look at the situation in Hong Kong. Therefore, the present study was condu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Xenobiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/12/4/26 |
| _version_ | 1797456896613941248 |
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| author | Chun Au-Yeung Kit-Ling Lam Ka-Wai Chan Wing-Yin Mo |
| author_facet | Chun Au-Yeung Kit-Ling Lam Ka-Wai Chan Wing-Yin Mo |
| author_sort | Chun Au-Yeung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of antibiotics in ornamental fish is not regulated, as they are not intended for human consumption. Although antibiotic resistant bacteria have been detected in ornamental fish worldwide, there have been no studies to look at the situation in Hong Kong. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the use of antibiotics in ornamental fish. Ornamental fish were purchased from five local pet fish shops and the antibiotics in carriage water were quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, <i>Aeromonas</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. present in carriage water were isolated and their minimum inhibitory concentrations against selected antibiotics were determined. Results indicated that among the twenty antibiotics screened, doxycycline (0.0155–0.0836 µg L<sup>−1</sup>), oxytetracycline (0.0102–29.0 µg L<sup>−1</sup>), tetracycline (0.0350–0.244 µg L<sup>−1</sup>), enrofloxacin (0.00107–0.247 µg L<sup>−1</sup>), and oxalinic acid (n.d.−0.514 µg L<sup>−1</sup>) were detected in all sampled shops. Additionally, MIC results revealed that some of the <i>Aeromonas</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. isolates were highly resistant to all antibiotics selected. Our findings confirmed that multiple antibiotics are being used in ornamental fish and the associated bacteria are resistant to selected antibiotics, suggesting that this could be a significant transmission route of antibiotic resistant bacteria to household indoor environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:14:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f47aefb7146340be9b1eb24a23d863c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2039-4705 2039-4713 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:14:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Xenobiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-f47aefb7146340be9b1eb24a23d863c72023-11-24T16:00:49ZengMDPI AGJournal of Xenobiotics2039-47052039-47132022-12-0112436537710.3390/jox12040026Uses of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish in Hong Kong and the Antibiotic Resistance in the Associated Zoonotic PathogensChun Au-Yeung0Kit-Ling Lam1Ka-Wai Chan2Wing-Yin Mo3Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong KongDepartment of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong KongDepartment of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong KongDepartment of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong KongThe use of antibiotics in ornamental fish is not regulated, as they are not intended for human consumption. Although antibiotic resistant bacteria have been detected in ornamental fish worldwide, there have been no studies to look at the situation in Hong Kong. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the use of antibiotics in ornamental fish. Ornamental fish were purchased from five local pet fish shops and the antibiotics in carriage water were quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, <i>Aeromonas</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. present in carriage water were isolated and their minimum inhibitory concentrations against selected antibiotics were determined. Results indicated that among the twenty antibiotics screened, doxycycline (0.0155–0.0836 µg L<sup>−1</sup>), oxytetracycline (0.0102–29.0 µg L<sup>−1</sup>), tetracycline (0.0350–0.244 µg L<sup>−1</sup>), enrofloxacin (0.00107–0.247 µg L<sup>−1</sup>), and oxalinic acid (n.d.−0.514 µg L<sup>−1</sup>) were detected in all sampled shops. Additionally, MIC results revealed that some of the <i>Aeromonas</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. isolates were highly resistant to all antibiotics selected. Our findings confirmed that multiple antibiotics are being used in ornamental fish and the associated bacteria are resistant to selected antibiotics, suggesting that this could be a significant transmission route of antibiotic resistant bacteria to household indoor environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/12/4/26antibiotic residuestetracyclinesfluoroquinolones<i>Aeromonas</i> spp.<i>Pseudomonas</i> spp.minimum inhibitory concentration |
| spellingShingle | Chun Au-Yeung Kit-Ling Lam Ka-Wai Chan Wing-Yin Mo Uses of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish in Hong Kong and the Antibiotic Resistance in the Associated Zoonotic Pathogens Journal of Xenobiotics antibiotic residues tetracyclines fluoroquinolones <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. minimum inhibitory concentration |
| title | Uses of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish in Hong Kong and the Antibiotic Resistance in the Associated Zoonotic Pathogens |
| title_full | Uses of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish in Hong Kong and the Antibiotic Resistance in the Associated Zoonotic Pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Uses of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish in Hong Kong and the Antibiotic Resistance in the Associated Zoonotic Pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Uses of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish in Hong Kong and the Antibiotic Resistance in the Associated Zoonotic Pathogens |
| title_short | Uses of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish in Hong Kong and the Antibiotic Resistance in the Associated Zoonotic Pathogens |
| title_sort | uses of antibiotics in ornamental fish in hong kong and the antibiotic resistance in the associated zoonotic pathogens |
| topic | antibiotic residues tetracyclines fluoroquinolones <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. minimum inhibitory concentration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/12/4/26 |
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