| Summary: | Medicinal plants and herbal preparations are gaining attention in the scientific community today, as they are often used intermittently in the treatment of various diseases. The genus of <i>Polygonum</i> (Polygonaceae), known locally as “madimak”, is an aromatic plant widely used in world flavors. The chemical composition of the essential oils of dried aerial parts of seven of <i>Polygonum</i> was analyzed by GC-MS. These species are <i>Polygonum lapathifolium</i> L., <i>Polygonum persicaria</i> L., <i>Polygonum arenastrum</i> Bor., <i>Polygonum bellardii</i> All., <i>Polygonum arenarium</i> Waldst. Et Kit., <i>Polygonum aviculare</i> L., and <i>Polygonum cognatum</i> Meissn. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found in the essential oil analysis of the seven <i>Polygonum</i> species. The major compounds were determined as (<i>E</i>)-<i>β</i>-farnesene (19. 46%), dodecanal (15.92%), <i>β</i>-caryophyllene (12.95%), in <i>P. aviculare</i>; (<i>E)-β</i>-farnesene (25.00%), dodecanal (20.45%), <i>β</i>-caryophyllene (9.38%), and caryophyllene oxide (8. 26%) in <i>P. persicaria</i>; dodecanal (25.65%), caryophyllene oxide (13.35%), <i>β</i>-caryophyllene (7.95%), and <i>(E)-β</i>-farnesene (6.20%) in <i>P. lapathifolium</i>, and dodecanal (19.65%), (E)-β-farnesene (13.86%), <i>β</i>-caryophyllene (8.06%), and <i>α</i>-terpineol (7.2%) in <i>P. arenarium</i>, dodecanal (16.23%), <i>β</i>-caryophyllene (16.09%), (<i>E)-β</i>-farnesene (12.26%), caryophyllene oxide (7.94%) in <i>P. bellardii</i>, <i>(E)-β</i>-farnesene (20.75%), dodecanal (17.96%), <i>β</i>-caryophyllene (13.01%), <i>α</i>-terpineol (4.97%) in <i>P. arenastrum</i>, (<i>E</i>)-<i>β</i>-farnesene (9.49%), dodecanal (14.01%), <i>β</i>-caryophyllene (11.92%), geranyl acetate (9.49%), and undecanal (7.35%) in <i>P. cognatum</i>. This study is the most comprehensive study conducted to determine the essential oil components of <i>Polygonum</i> species. In addition, a literature review on the composition of the essential oils of these <i>Polygonum</i> taxa was performed. The essential oil components of the species in our study were revealed for the first time with this study.
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