Fabrication of 3D-Printed Biodegradable Porous Scaffolds Combining Multi-Material Fused Deposition Modeling and Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Techniques
The fabrication of porous materials for tissue engineering applications in a straightforward manner is still a current challenge. Herein, by combining the advantages of two conventional methodologies with additive manufacturing, well-defined objects with internal and external porosity were produced....
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/6/1080 |
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| author | Raúl Sanz-Horta Carlos Elvira Alberto Gallardo Helmut Reinecke Juan Rodríguez-Hernández |
| author_facet | Raúl Sanz-Horta Carlos Elvira Alberto Gallardo Helmut Reinecke Juan Rodríguez-Hernández |
| author_sort | Raúl Sanz-Horta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fabrication of porous materials for tissue engineering applications in a straightforward manner is still a current challenge. Herein, by combining the advantages of two conventional methodologies with additive manufacturing, well-defined objects with internal and external porosity were produced. First of all, multi-material fused deposition modeling (FDM) allowed us to prepare structures combining poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA), thus enabling to finely tune the final mechanical properties of the printed part with modulus and strain at break varying from values observed for pure PCL (modulus 200 MPa, strain at break 1700%) and PLA (modulus 1.2 GPa and strain at break 5–7%). More interestingly, supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (SCCO<sub>2</sub>) as well as the breath figures mechanism (BFs) were additionally employed to produce internal (pore diameters 80–300 µm) and external pores (with sizes ranging between 2 and 12 μm) exclusively in those areas where PCL is present. This strategy will offer unique possibilities to fabricate intricate structures combining the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM) in terms of flexibility and versatility and those provided by the SCCO<sub>2</sub> and BFs to finely tune the formation of porous structures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:28:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f485a818286c4b1a94a84d2de0d27cc6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:28:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-f485a818286c4b1a94a84d2de0d27cc62023-11-20T02:23:29ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-05-01106108010.3390/nano10061080Fabrication of 3D-Printed Biodegradable Porous Scaffolds Combining Multi-Material Fused Deposition Modeling and Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> TechniquesRaúl Sanz-Horta0Carlos Elvira1Alberto Gallardo2Helmut Reinecke3Juan Rodríguez-Hernández4Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, SpainThe fabrication of porous materials for tissue engineering applications in a straightforward manner is still a current challenge. Herein, by combining the advantages of two conventional methodologies with additive manufacturing, well-defined objects with internal and external porosity were produced. First of all, multi-material fused deposition modeling (FDM) allowed us to prepare structures combining poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA), thus enabling to finely tune the final mechanical properties of the printed part with modulus and strain at break varying from values observed for pure PCL (modulus 200 MPa, strain at break 1700%) and PLA (modulus 1.2 GPa and strain at break 5–7%). More interestingly, supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (SCCO<sub>2</sub>) as well as the breath figures mechanism (BFs) were additionally employed to produce internal (pore diameters 80–300 µm) and external pores (with sizes ranging between 2 and 12 μm) exclusively in those areas where PCL is present. This strategy will offer unique possibilities to fabricate intricate structures combining the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM) in terms of flexibility and versatility and those provided by the SCCO<sub>2</sub> and BFs to finely tune the formation of porous structures.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/6/1080additive manufacturingbiodegradablebiocompatiblesupercritical CO<sub>2</sub>breath figuresmicroporous materials |
| spellingShingle | Raúl Sanz-Horta Carlos Elvira Alberto Gallardo Helmut Reinecke Juan Rodríguez-Hernández Fabrication of 3D-Printed Biodegradable Porous Scaffolds Combining Multi-Material Fused Deposition Modeling and Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Techniques Nanomaterials additive manufacturing biodegradable biocompatible supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> breath figures microporous materials |
| title | Fabrication of 3D-Printed Biodegradable Porous Scaffolds Combining Multi-Material Fused Deposition Modeling and Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Techniques |
| title_full | Fabrication of 3D-Printed Biodegradable Porous Scaffolds Combining Multi-Material Fused Deposition Modeling and Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication of 3D-Printed Biodegradable Porous Scaffolds Combining Multi-Material Fused Deposition Modeling and Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication of 3D-Printed Biodegradable Porous Scaffolds Combining Multi-Material Fused Deposition Modeling and Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Techniques |
| title_short | Fabrication of 3D-Printed Biodegradable Porous Scaffolds Combining Multi-Material Fused Deposition Modeling and Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Techniques |
| title_sort | fabrication of 3d printed biodegradable porous scaffolds combining multi material fused deposition modeling and supercritical co sub 2 sub techniques |
| topic | additive manufacturing biodegradable biocompatible supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> breath figures microporous materials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/6/1080 |
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