Spatial, Temporal, and Geographical Factors Associated with Stranded Marine Endangered Species in Thailand during 2006–2015
The stranding of endangered marine animals is cause for concern. We used spatial and temporal analyses to investigate the stranding of endangered marine species (whales, dolphins, dugongs, and sea turtles) in Thailand, based on stranding data and geographical records during 2006–2015. A total of 198...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/3/448 |
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| author | Pangram Pradip Na Thalang Sukanya Thongratsakul Chaithep Poolkhet |
| author_facet | Pangram Pradip Na Thalang Sukanya Thongratsakul Chaithep Poolkhet |
| author_sort | Pangram Pradip Na Thalang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The stranding of endangered marine animals is cause for concern. We used spatial and temporal analyses to investigate the stranding of endangered marine species (whales, dolphins, dugongs, and sea turtles) in Thailand, based on stranding data and geographical records during 2006–2015. A total of 1988 stranding events were obtained, including 105 whales (5.28%), 714 dolphins (35.92%), 103 dugongs (5.18%), and 1065 sea turtles (53.57%), at an average of 198.80 stranded animals/year (standard deviation = 47.19). Most strandings occurred along the Gulf of Thailand (56.94%), while the rest occurred along the Andaman Sea (43.06%). Cluster and kernel analyses showed that strandings were the most common in Phuket Province. The average number of stranded animals in the rainy season was significantly higher than that in summer and winter (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Our results indicate that the coastline of Thailand was significantly associated with the number of seasonal strandings (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, there was no significant association between environmental factors and the number of strandings. In conclusion, surveillance systems based on spatial and temporal analyses should be established to monitor stranded animals. This will help relevant authorities to rescue stranded animals more effectively and to study the causes of stranding. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:55:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f49f87347de84f78bcab8584d9828971 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:55:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f49f87347de84f78bcab8584d98289712023-11-17T09:42:23ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-03-0112344810.3390/biology12030448Spatial, Temporal, and Geographical Factors Associated with Stranded Marine Endangered Species in Thailand during 2006–2015Pangram Pradip Na Thalang0Sukanya Thongratsakul1Chaithep Poolkhet2Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, ThailandSection of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, ThailandSection of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, ThailandThe stranding of endangered marine animals is cause for concern. We used spatial and temporal analyses to investigate the stranding of endangered marine species (whales, dolphins, dugongs, and sea turtles) in Thailand, based on stranding data and geographical records during 2006–2015. A total of 1988 stranding events were obtained, including 105 whales (5.28%), 714 dolphins (35.92%), 103 dugongs (5.18%), and 1065 sea turtles (53.57%), at an average of 198.80 stranded animals/year (standard deviation = 47.19). Most strandings occurred along the Gulf of Thailand (56.94%), while the rest occurred along the Andaman Sea (43.06%). Cluster and kernel analyses showed that strandings were the most common in Phuket Province. The average number of stranded animals in the rainy season was significantly higher than that in summer and winter (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Our results indicate that the coastline of Thailand was significantly associated with the number of seasonal strandings (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, there was no significant association between environmental factors and the number of strandings. In conclusion, surveillance systems based on spatial and temporal analyses should be established to monitor stranded animals. This will help relevant authorities to rescue stranded animals more effectively and to study the causes of stranding.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/3/448Geographic Information System (GIS)marine endangered speciesmarine strandedsurveillanceThailand |
| spellingShingle | Pangram Pradip Na Thalang Sukanya Thongratsakul Chaithep Poolkhet Spatial, Temporal, and Geographical Factors Associated with Stranded Marine Endangered Species in Thailand during 2006–2015 Biology Geographic Information System (GIS) marine endangered species marine stranded surveillance Thailand |
| title | Spatial, Temporal, and Geographical Factors Associated with Stranded Marine Endangered Species in Thailand during 2006–2015 |
| title_full | Spatial, Temporal, and Geographical Factors Associated with Stranded Marine Endangered Species in Thailand during 2006–2015 |
| title_fullStr | Spatial, Temporal, and Geographical Factors Associated with Stranded Marine Endangered Species in Thailand during 2006–2015 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial, Temporal, and Geographical Factors Associated with Stranded Marine Endangered Species in Thailand during 2006–2015 |
| title_short | Spatial, Temporal, and Geographical Factors Associated with Stranded Marine Endangered Species in Thailand during 2006–2015 |
| title_sort | spatial temporal and geographical factors associated with stranded marine endangered species in thailand during 2006 2015 |
| topic | Geographic Information System (GIS) marine endangered species marine stranded surveillance Thailand |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/3/448 |
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