Toxicity of benzethonium chloride and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride mixtures on Daphnia carinata: synergistic and antagonistic effects at specific ratios
Throughout the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the sanitizing products benzethonium chloride (BEC) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG-H) were widely used; however, few studies have investigated their combined toxicity to organisms. In the present study, acute toxicity and genotoxic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323007728 |
| _version_ | 1827816214134521856 |
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| author | Tian Yang Yuting Lu Yuchen Wang Liufu Wang Feng Zhang Di Ming Qingsheng Cao Hui Yang Yingying Zhang Wenzhi Wei |
| author_facet | Tian Yang Yuting Lu Yuchen Wang Liufu Wang Feng Zhang Di Ming Qingsheng Cao Hui Yang Yingying Zhang Wenzhi Wei |
| author_sort | Tian Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Throughout the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the sanitizing products benzethonium chloride (BEC) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG-H) were widely used; however, few studies have investigated their combined toxicity to organisms. In the present study, acute toxicity and genotoxicity of BEC, PHMG-H, and the combination of the two were investigated as endpoints using Daphnia carinata as the model organism. For individual reagents, PHMG-H was found to be more toxic than BEC in terms of both mortality and genotoxicity. DNA damage and survival rate were used as toxicity endpoints. The interaction was evaluated with the concentration addition (CA) model via toxic unit (TU) approach and additive index (AI) method in mixtures at different ratios in TU. Only the binary mixture BEC + PHMG-H at the ratio 1:9 in TU was regarded as synergistic, while all others indicated increased antagonistic effects as the proportion of BEC increased over the PHMG-H concentration. The findings here benefit understanding surrounding precisely how BEC and PHMG-H interact at different mixing ratios, and can assist with the evaluation of risk assessments for binary mixtures in aquatic ecosystems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:11:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4a37e3b555b4c2689950ffb5a3477f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:11:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4a37e3b555b4c2689950ffb5a3477f62023-09-16T05:28:23ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132023-09-01263115268Toxicity of benzethonium chloride and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride mixtures on Daphnia carinata: synergistic and antagonistic effects at specific ratiosTian Yang0Yuting Lu1Yuchen Wang2Liufu Wang3Feng Zhang4 Di Ming5Qingsheng Cao6Hui Yang7Yingying Zhang8Wenzhi Wei9College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225229, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225229, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225229, ChinaCentre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225229, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225229, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225229, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225229, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225229, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225229, China; Correspondence to: College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009 China.Throughout the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the sanitizing products benzethonium chloride (BEC) and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG-H) were widely used; however, few studies have investigated their combined toxicity to organisms. In the present study, acute toxicity and genotoxicity of BEC, PHMG-H, and the combination of the two were investigated as endpoints using Daphnia carinata as the model organism. For individual reagents, PHMG-H was found to be more toxic than BEC in terms of both mortality and genotoxicity. DNA damage and survival rate were used as toxicity endpoints. The interaction was evaluated with the concentration addition (CA) model via toxic unit (TU) approach and additive index (AI) method in mixtures at different ratios in TU. Only the binary mixture BEC + PHMG-H at the ratio 1:9 in TU was regarded as synergistic, while all others indicated increased antagonistic effects as the proportion of BEC increased over the PHMG-H concentration. The findings here benefit understanding surrounding precisely how BEC and PHMG-H interact at different mixing ratios, and can assist with the evaluation of risk assessments for binary mixtures in aquatic ecosystems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323007728Toxic unitAdditive indexDaphnia carinataJoint toxicityMixed ratio |
| spellingShingle | Tian Yang Yuting Lu Yuchen Wang Liufu Wang Feng Zhang Di Ming Qingsheng Cao Hui Yang Yingying Zhang Wenzhi Wei Toxicity of benzethonium chloride and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride mixtures on Daphnia carinata: synergistic and antagonistic effects at specific ratios Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Toxic unit Additive index Daphnia carinata Joint toxicity Mixed ratio |
| title | Toxicity of benzethonium chloride and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride mixtures on Daphnia carinata: synergistic and antagonistic effects at specific ratios |
| title_full | Toxicity of benzethonium chloride and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride mixtures on Daphnia carinata: synergistic and antagonistic effects at specific ratios |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity of benzethonium chloride and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride mixtures on Daphnia carinata: synergistic and antagonistic effects at specific ratios |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity of benzethonium chloride and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride mixtures on Daphnia carinata: synergistic and antagonistic effects at specific ratios |
| title_short | Toxicity of benzethonium chloride and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride mixtures on Daphnia carinata: synergistic and antagonistic effects at specific ratios |
| title_sort | toxicity of benzethonium chloride and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride mixtures on daphnia carinata synergistic and antagonistic effects at specific ratios |
| topic | Toxic unit Additive index Daphnia carinata Joint toxicity Mixed ratio |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323007728 |
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