An Unsupervised Learning Approach for Analyzing Unsafe Pilot Operations Based on Flight Data
Flight safety is a hot topic in the aviation industry. Statistics show that safety incidents during landing are closely related to the flare phase because this critical period requires extensive pilot operations. Many airlines require that pilots should avoid performing any forward stick inputs duri...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/24/12789 |
| _version_ | 1797461662281760768 |
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| author | Xiuyi Li Yu Qian Hongnian Chen Linjiang Zheng Qixing Wang Jiaxing Shang |
| author_facet | Xiuyi Li Yu Qian Hongnian Chen Linjiang Zheng Qixing Wang Jiaxing Shang |
| author_sort | Xiuyi Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flight safety is a hot topic in the aviation industry. Statistics show that safety incidents during landing are closely related to the flare phase because this critical period requires extensive pilot operations. Many airlines require that pilots should avoid performing any forward stick inputs during the flare. However, our statistical results from about 86,504 flights show that this unsafe pilot operation occasionally happens. Although several case studies were conducted previously, systematic research, especially based on a large volume of flight data, is still missing. This paper aims to fill this gap and provide more insights into the issue of pilots’ unsafe stick operations during the flare phase. Specifically, our work is based on the Quick Access Recorder (QAR) data, which consist of multivariate time-series data from various flight parameters. The raw data were carefully preprocessed, then key features were extracted based on flight expert experience, and a K-means clustering algorithm was utilized to divide the unsafe pilot operations into four categories. Based on the clustering results, we conducted an in-depth analysis to uncover the reasons for different types of unsafe pilot stick operations. In addition, extensive experiments were conducted to further investigate how these unsafe operations are correlated with different factors, including airlines, airports, and pilots. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study analyzing pilots’ unsafe forward stick operations based on a large volume of flight data. The findings can be used by airlines to design more targeted pilot training programs in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:22:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4a552c056074844874d8c7807e6ffac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:22:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4a552c056074844874d8c7807e6ffac2023-11-24T13:05:01ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-12-0112241278910.3390/app122412789An Unsupervised Learning Approach for Analyzing Unsafe Pilot Operations Based on Flight DataXiuyi Li0Yu Qian1Hongnian Chen2Linjiang Zheng3Qixing Wang4Jiaxing Shang5Guanghan Branch, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, ChinaSchool of Flight Technology, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, ChinaCollege of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaCollege of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaCollege of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaCollege of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaFlight safety is a hot topic in the aviation industry. Statistics show that safety incidents during landing are closely related to the flare phase because this critical period requires extensive pilot operations. Many airlines require that pilots should avoid performing any forward stick inputs during the flare. However, our statistical results from about 86,504 flights show that this unsafe pilot operation occasionally happens. Although several case studies were conducted previously, systematic research, especially based on a large volume of flight data, is still missing. This paper aims to fill this gap and provide more insights into the issue of pilots’ unsafe stick operations during the flare phase. Specifically, our work is based on the Quick Access Recorder (QAR) data, which consist of multivariate time-series data from various flight parameters. The raw data were carefully preprocessed, then key features were extracted based on flight expert experience, and a K-means clustering algorithm was utilized to divide the unsafe pilot operations into four categories. Based on the clustering results, we conducted an in-depth analysis to uncover the reasons for different types of unsafe pilot stick operations. In addition, extensive experiments were conducted to further investigate how these unsafe operations are correlated with different factors, including airlines, airports, and pilots. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study analyzing pilots’ unsafe forward stick operations based on a large volume of flight data. The findings can be used by airlines to design more targeted pilot training programs in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/24/12789aviation safetyflight dataunsupervised learningpilot operationQARK-means clustering |
| spellingShingle | Xiuyi Li Yu Qian Hongnian Chen Linjiang Zheng Qixing Wang Jiaxing Shang An Unsupervised Learning Approach for Analyzing Unsafe Pilot Operations Based on Flight Data Applied Sciences aviation safety flight data unsupervised learning pilot operation QAR K-means clustering |
| title | An Unsupervised Learning Approach for Analyzing Unsafe Pilot Operations Based on Flight Data |
| title_full | An Unsupervised Learning Approach for Analyzing Unsafe Pilot Operations Based on Flight Data |
| title_fullStr | An Unsupervised Learning Approach for Analyzing Unsafe Pilot Operations Based on Flight Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Unsupervised Learning Approach for Analyzing Unsafe Pilot Operations Based on Flight Data |
| title_short | An Unsupervised Learning Approach for Analyzing Unsafe Pilot Operations Based on Flight Data |
| title_sort | unsupervised learning approach for analyzing unsafe pilot operations based on flight data |
| topic | aviation safety flight data unsupervised learning pilot operation QAR K-means clustering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/24/12789 |
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