Potential Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a major diagnostic challenge, as early detection is crucial for effective intervention. This review examines the diagnostic challenges facing current AD evaluations and explores the emerging field of retinal alterations as early indicators. Recognizing the potenti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/15834 |
| _version_ | 1797631832949260288 |
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| author | Mariana Yolotzin García-Bermúdez Rupali Vohra Kristine Freude Peter van Wijngaarden Keith Martin Maj Schneider Thomsen Blanca Irene Aldana Miriam Kolko |
| author_facet | Mariana Yolotzin García-Bermúdez Rupali Vohra Kristine Freude Peter van Wijngaarden Keith Martin Maj Schneider Thomsen Blanca Irene Aldana Miriam Kolko |
| author_sort | Mariana Yolotzin García-Bermúdez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a major diagnostic challenge, as early detection is crucial for effective intervention. This review examines the diagnostic challenges facing current AD evaluations and explores the emerging field of retinal alterations as early indicators. Recognizing the potential of the retina as a noninvasive window to the brain, we emphasize the importance of identifying retinal biomarkers in the early stages of AD. However, the examination of AD is not without its challenges, as the similarities shared with other retinal diseases introduce complexity in the search for AD-specific markers. In this review, we address the relevance of using the retina for the early diagnosis of AD and the complex challenges associated with the search for AD-specific retinal biomarkers. We provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and highlight avenues for progress in AD diagnosis by retinal examination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:29:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4a976266dc64537bc273dbc7e1501b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:29:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4a976266dc64537bc273dbc7e1501b12023-11-10T15:05:29ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-10-0124211583410.3390/ijms242115834Potential Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s DiseaseMariana Yolotzin García-Bermúdez0Rupali Vohra1Kristine Freude2Peter van Wijngaarden3Keith Martin4Maj Schneider Thomsen5Blanca Irene Aldana6Miriam Kolko7Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkEye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkGroup of Stem Cell Models and Embryology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, DenmarkCenter for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, AustraliaCenter for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, AustraliaNeurobiology Research and Drug Delivery, Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, DenmarkNeurometabolism Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkEye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkAlzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a major diagnostic challenge, as early detection is crucial for effective intervention. This review examines the diagnostic challenges facing current AD evaluations and explores the emerging field of retinal alterations as early indicators. Recognizing the potential of the retina as a noninvasive window to the brain, we emphasize the importance of identifying retinal biomarkers in the early stages of AD. However, the examination of AD is not without its challenges, as the similarities shared with other retinal diseases introduce complexity in the search for AD-specific markers. In this review, we address the relevance of using the retina for the early diagnosis of AD and the complex challenges associated with the search for AD-specific retinal biomarkers. We provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and highlight avenues for progress in AD diagnosis by retinal examination.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/15834Alzheimer’s diseaseretinal alterationsocular biomarkersmitochondriametabolism |
| spellingShingle | Mariana Yolotzin García-Bermúdez Rupali Vohra Kristine Freude Peter van Wijngaarden Keith Martin Maj Schneider Thomsen Blanca Irene Aldana Miriam Kolko Potential Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences Alzheimer’s disease retinal alterations ocular biomarkers mitochondria metabolism |
| title | Potential Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full | Potential Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Potential Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_short | Potential Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_sort | potential retinal biomarkers in alzheimer s disease |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease retinal alterations ocular biomarkers mitochondria metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/15834 |
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