Influence of 3d Transition Metal Doping on Lithium Stabilized Na-β″-Alumina Solid Electrolytes
Na-β″-alumina is the commercially most successful solid electrolyte due to its application in ZEBRA and NAS<sup>®</sup> batteries. In this work, Li-stabilized Na-β″-alumina electrolytes were doped with 3d transition metal oxides, namely TiO<sub>2</sub>, Mn<sub>3</sub...
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/18/5389 |
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| author | Cornelius L. Dirksen Karl Skadell Matthias Schulz Micha P. Fertig Michael Stelter |
| author_facet | Cornelius L. Dirksen Karl Skadell Matthias Schulz Micha P. Fertig Michael Stelter |
| author_sort | Cornelius L. Dirksen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Na-β″-alumina is the commercially most successful solid electrolyte due to its application in ZEBRA and NAS<sup>®</sup> batteries. In this work, Li-stabilized Na-β″-alumina electrolytes were doped with 3d transition metal oxides, namely TiO<sub>2</sub>, Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, and NiO, in order to improve their ionic conductivity and fracture strength. Due to XRD and EDX measurements, it was concluded that Mn- and Ni-ions are incorporated into the crystal lattice of Na-β″-alumina. In contrast, TiO<sub>2</sub> doping results in the formation of secondary phases that enable liquid-assisted sintering at temperatures as low as 1500 °C. All dopants increased the characteristic fracture strength of the electrolytes; 1.5 wt% of NiO doping proved to be most efficient and led to a maximal characteristic fracture strength of 296 MPa. Regarding the ionic conductivity, TiO<sub>2</sub> doping showed the uppermost value of up to 0.30 S cm<sup>−1</sup> at 300 °C. In contrast to the other dopants, TiO<sub>2</sub> doping lowered the sintering temperature needed to obtain a dense, stable, and highly conductive Na-β″-alumina electrolyte suitable for applications in Na based batteries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:29:30Z |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:29:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f4b4e18f1df14e4ea8674d3d6360ab3e2023-11-22T14:03:19ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-09-011418538910.3390/ma14185389Influence of 3d Transition Metal Doping on Lithium Stabilized Na-β″-Alumina Solid ElectrolytesCornelius L. Dirksen0Karl Skadell1Matthias Schulz2Micha P. Fertig3Michael Stelter4Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Michael-Faraday-Str. 1, 07629 Hermsdorf, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Michael-Faraday-Str. 1, 07629 Hermsdorf, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Michael-Faraday-Str. 1, 07629 Hermsdorf, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Michael-Faraday-Str. 1, 07629 Hermsdorf, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Michael-Faraday-Str. 1, 07629 Hermsdorf, GermanyNa-β″-alumina is the commercially most successful solid electrolyte due to its application in ZEBRA and NAS<sup>®</sup> batteries. In this work, Li-stabilized Na-β″-alumina electrolytes were doped with 3d transition metal oxides, namely TiO<sub>2</sub>, Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, and NiO, in order to improve their ionic conductivity and fracture strength. Due to XRD and EDX measurements, it was concluded that Mn- and Ni-ions are incorporated into the crystal lattice of Na-β″-alumina. In contrast, TiO<sub>2</sub> doping results in the formation of secondary phases that enable liquid-assisted sintering at temperatures as low as 1500 °C. All dopants increased the characteristic fracture strength of the electrolytes; 1.5 wt% of NiO doping proved to be most efficient and led to a maximal characteristic fracture strength of 296 MPa. Regarding the ionic conductivity, TiO<sub>2</sub> doping showed the uppermost value of up to 0.30 S cm<sup>−1</sup> at 300 °C. In contrast to the other dopants, TiO<sub>2</sub> doping lowered the sintering temperature needed to obtain a dense, stable, and highly conductive Na-β″-alumina electrolyte suitable for applications in Na based batteries.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/18/5389dopingNa-β″-aluminasodium−ion batterysodium−ion conductorsolid electrolyte |
| spellingShingle | Cornelius L. Dirksen Karl Skadell Matthias Schulz Micha P. Fertig Michael Stelter Influence of 3d Transition Metal Doping on Lithium Stabilized Na-β″-Alumina Solid Electrolytes Materials doping Na-β″-alumina sodium−ion battery sodium−ion conductor solid electrolyte |
| title | Influence of 3d Transition Metal Doping on Lithium Stabilized Na-β″-Alumina Solid Electrolytes |
| title_full | Influence of 3d Transition Metal Doping on Lithium Stabilized Na-β″-Alumina Solid Electrolytes |
| title_fullStr | Influence of 3d Transition Metal Doping on Lithium Stabilized Na-β″-Alumina Solid Electrolytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of 3d Transition Metal Doping on Lithium Stabilized Na-β″-Alumina Solid Electrolytes |
| title_short | Influence of 3d Transition Metal Doping on Lithium Stabilized Na-β″-Alumina Solid Electrolytes |
| title_sort | influence of 3d transition metal doping on lithium stabilized na β alumina solid electrolytes |
| topic | doping Na-β″-alumina sodium−ion battery sodium−ion conductor solid electrolyte |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/18/5389 |
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