Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways
Background: Although ginsenosides and saponins in Korea red ginseng (KRG) shows various pharmacological roles, their roles in the inflammatory response are little known. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory role of ginsenosides identified from KRG saponin fraction (RGSF) and the potential m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Ginseng Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845322000252 |
| _version_ | 1828823929914916864 |
|---|---|
| author | Jeong-Oog Lee Yanyan Yang Yu Tao Young-Su Yi Jae Youl Cho |
| author_facet | Jeong-Oog Lee Yanyan Yang Yu Tao Young-Su Yi Jae Youl Cho |
| author_sort | Jeong-Oog Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Although ginsenosides and saponins in Korea red ginseng (KRG) shows various pharmacological roles, their roles in the inflammatory response are little known. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory role of ginsenosides identified from KRG saponin fraction (RGSF) and the potential mechanism in macrophages. Methods: The ginsenoside composition of RGSF was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. An anti-inflammatory effect of RGSF and its mechanisms were studied using nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production assays, mRNA expression analyses of inflammatory genes and cytokines, luciferase reporter gene assays of transcription factors, and Western blot analyses of inflammatory signaling pathways using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells. Results: HPLC analysis identified the types and amounts of various panaxadiol ginsenosides in RGSF. RGSF reduced the generation of inflammatory molecules and mRNA levels of inflammatory enzymes and cytokines in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, RGSF inhibited the signaling pathways of NF-κB and AP-1 by suppressing both transcriptional factors and signaling molecules in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion: RGSF contains ginsenosides that have anti-inflammatory action via restraining the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways in macrophages during inflammatory responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T13:45:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4b7d0bd31664612910f4fcee0124a29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1226-8453 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T13:45:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ginseng Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4b7d0bd31664612910f4fcee0124a292022-12-22T00:22:42ZengElsevierJournal of Ginseng Research1226-84532022-05-01463489495Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathwaysJeong-Oog Lee0Yanyan Yang1Yu Tao2Young-Su Yi3Jae Youl Cho4Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Bio-Inspired Aerospace Information Laboratory, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Qingdao University, ChinaDepartment of Cardiac Ultrasound and Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China; Corresponding author. Department of Cardiac Ultrasound and Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, China.Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea.Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.Background: Although ginsenosides and saponins in Korea red ginseng (KRG) shows various pharmacological roles, their roles in the inflammatory response are little known. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory role of ginsenosides identified from KRG saponin fraction (RGSF) and the potential mechanism in macrophages. Methods: The ginsenoside composition of RGSF was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. An anti-inflammatory effect of RGSF and its mechanisms were studied using nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production assays, mRNA expression analyses of inflammatory genes and cytokines, luciferase reporter gene assays of transcription factors, and Western blot analyses of inflammatory signaling pathways using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells. Results: HPLC analysis identified the types and amounts of various panaxadiol ginsenosides in RGSF. RGSF reduced the generation of inflammatory molecules and mRNA levels of inflammatory enzymes and cytokines in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, RGSF inhibited the signaling pathways of NF-κB and AP-1 by suppressing both transcriptional factors and signaling molecules in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion: RGSF contains ginsenosides that have anti-inflammatory action via restraining the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways in macrophages during inflammatory responses.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845322000252RGSFAnti-InflammatoryMacrophageNF-κBAP-1 |
| spellingShingle | Jeong-Oog Lee Yanyan Yang Yu Tao Young-Su Yi Jae Youl Cho Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways Journal of Ginseng Research RGSF Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage NF-κB AP-1 |
| title | Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways |
| title_full | Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways |
| title_fullStr | Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways |
| title_short | Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways |
| title_sort | korean red ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti inflammatory effects by targeting the nf κb and ap 1 pathways |
| topic | RGSF Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage NF-κB AP-1 |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845322000252 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jeongooglee koreanredginsengsaponinfractionexertsantiinflammatoryeffectsbytargetingthenfkbandap1pathways AT yanyanyang koreanredginsengsaponinfractionexertsantiinflammatoryeffectsbytargetingthenfkbandap1pathways AT yutao koreanredginsengsaponinfractionexertsantiinflammatoryeffectsbytargetingthenfkbandap1pathways AT youngsuyi koreanredginsengsaponinfractionexertsantiinflammatoryeffectsbytargetingthenfkbandap1pathways AT jaeyoulcho koreanredginsengsaponinfractionexertsantiinflammatoryeffectsbytargetingthenfkbandap1pathways |