Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans
Most cells can release extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane vesicles containing various proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and signaling molecules. The exchange of EVs between cells facilitates intercellular communication, amplification of cellular responses, immune response modulation, and perhaps...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/10/1200 |
| _version_ | 1827703883068080128 |
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| author | Allen Caobi Madhavan Nair Andrea D. Raymond |
| author_facet | Allen Caobi Madhavan Nair Andrea D. Raymond |
| author_sort | Allen Caobi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most cells can release extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane vesicles containing various proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and signaling molecules. The exchange of EVs between cells facilitates intercellular communication, amplification of cellular responses, immune response modulation, and perhaps alterations in viral pathogenicity. EVs serve a dual role in inhibiting or enhancing viral infection and pathogenesis. This review examines the current literature on EVs to explore the complex role of EVs in the enhancement, inhibition, and potential use as a nanotherapeutic against clinically relevant viruses, focusing on neurotropic viruses: Zika virus (ZIKV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Overall, this review’s scope will elaborate on EV-based mechanisms, which impact viral pathogenicity, facilitate viral spread, and modulate antiviral immune responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:27:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4b9413d410641d78ea4aa626ce9918b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:27:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4b9413d410641d78ea4aa626ce9918b2023-11-20T17:58:58ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-10-011210120010.3390/v12101200Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in HumansAllen Caobi0Madhavan Nair1Andrea D. Raymond2Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USADepartment of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USADepartment of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAMost cells can release extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane vesicles containing various proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and signaling molecules. The exchange of EVs between cells facilitates intercellular communication, amplification of cellular responses, immune response modulation, and perhaps alterations in viral pathogenicity. EVs serve a dual role in inhibiting or enhancing viral infection and pathogenesis. This review examines the current literature on EVs to explore the complex role of EVs in the enhancement, inhibition, and potential use as a nanotherapeutic against clinically relevant viruses, focusing on neurotropic viruses: Zika virus (ZIKV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Overall, this review’s scope will elaborate on EV-based mechanisms, which impact viral pathogenicity, facilitate viral spread, and modulate antiviral immune responses.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/10/1200exosomesextracellular vesicles (EVs)virusespathologyHIVZIKA |
| spellingShingle | Allen Caobi Madhavan Nair Andrea D. Raymond Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans Viruses exosomes extracellular vesicles (EVs) viruses pathology HIV ZIKA |
| title | Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans |
| title_full | Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans |
| title_short | Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans |
| title_sort | extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of viral infections in humans |
| topic | exosomes extracellular vesicles (EVs) viruses pathology HIV ZIKA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/10/1200 |
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