Resonance Analysis and Gain Estimation Using CMA-Based Even Mode Combination Method for Flexible Wideband Antennas
This work presents an efficient design and optimization method based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA) to predict the resonance and gain of wideband antennas made from flexible materials. Known as the even mode combination (EMC) method based on CMA, the forward gain is estimated based on the pri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5297 |
| _version_ | 1827739180530139136 |
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| author | Bashar Bahaa Qas Elias Ping Jack Soh |
| author_facet | Bashar Bahaa Qas Elias Ping Jack Soh |
| author_sort | Bashar Bahaa Qas Elias |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work presents an efficient design and optimization method based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA) to predict the resonance and gain of wideband antennas made from flexible materials. Known as the even mode combination (EMC) method based on CMA, the forward gain is estimated based on the principle of summing the electric field magnitudes of the first even dominant modes of the antenna. To demonstrate its effectiveness, two compact, flexible planar monopole antennas designed on different materials and two different feeding methods are presented and analyzed. The first planar monopole is designed on Kapton polyimide substrate and fed using a coplanar waveguide to operate from 2 to 5.27 GHz (measured). On the other hand, the second antenna is designed on felt textile and fed using a microstrip line to operate from about 2.99 to 5.57 GHz (measured). Their frequencies are selected to ensure their relevance in operating across several important wireless frequency bands, such as 2.45 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 5.5 GHz, and 5.8 GHz. On the other hand, these antennas are also designed to enable competitive bandwidth and compactness relative to the recent literature. Comparison of the optimized gains and other performance parameters of both structures are in agreement with the optimized results from full wave simulations, which process is less resource-efficient and more iterative. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:57:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4bb064f57ff4267908f6c196e0cef79 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:57:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4bb064f57ff4267908f6c196e0cef792023-11-18T08:35:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-06-012311529710.3390/s23115297Resonance Analysis and Gain Estimation Using CMA-Based Even Mode Combination Method for Flexible Wideband AntennasBashar Bahaa Qas Elias0Ping Jack Soh1Department of Communications Technology Engineering, College of Information Technology, Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad 10052, IraqCentre for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90014 Oulu, FinlandThis work presents an efficient design and optimization method based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA) to predict the resonance and gain of wideband antennas made from flexible materials. Known as the even mode combination (EMC) method based on CMA, the forward gain is estimated based on the principle of summing the electric field magnitudes of the first even dominant modes of the antenna. To demonstrate its effectiveness, two compact, flexible planar monopole antennas designed on different materials and two different feeding methods are presented and analyzed. The first planar monopole is designed on Kapton polyimide substrate and fed using a coplanar waveguide to operate from 2 to 5.27 GHz (measured). On the other hand, the second antenna is designed on felt textile and fed using a microstrip line to operate from about 2.99 to 5.57 GHz (measured). Their frequencies are selected to ensure their relevance in operating across several important wireless frequency bands, such as 2.45 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 5.5 GHz, and 5.8 GHz. On the other hand, these antennas are also designed to enable competitive bandwidth and compactness relative to the recent literature. Comparison of the optimized gains and other performance parameters of both structures are in agreement with the optimized results from full wave simulations, which process is less resource-efficient and more iterative.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5297flexible antennaswideband antennaseven mode combinationcharacteristic mode analysis |
| spellingShingle | Bashar Bahaa Qas Elias Ping Jack Soh Resonance Analysis and Gain Estimation Using CMA-Based Even Mode Combination Method for Flexible Wideband Antennas Sensors flexible antennas wideband antennas even mode combination characteristic mode analysis |
| title | Resonance Analysis and Gain Estimation Using CMA-Based Even Mode Combination Method for Flexible Wideband Antennas |
| title_full | Resonance Analysis and Gain Estimation Using CMA-Based Even Mode Combination Method for Flexible Wideband Antennas |
| title_fullStr | Resonance Analysis and Gain Estimation Using CMA-Based Even Mode Combination Method for Flexible Wideband Antennas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resonance Analysis and Gain Estimation Using CMA-Based Even Mode Combination Method for Flexible Wideband Antennas |
| title_short | Resonance Analysis and Gain Estimation Using CMA-Based Even Mode Combination Method for Flexible Wideband Antennas |
| title_sort | resonance analysis and gain estimation using cma based even mode combination method for flexible wideband antennas |
| topic | flexible antennas wideband antennas even mode combination characteristic mode analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/11/5297 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT basharbahaaqaselias resonanceanalysisandgainestimationusingcmabasedevenmodecombinationmethodforflexiblewidebandantennas AT pingjacksoh resonanceanalysisandgainestimationusingcmabasedevenmodecombinationmethodforflexiblewidebandantennas |