Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings
More than 783 million people worldwide are currently without access to clean and safe water. Approximately 1 in 5 cases of mortality due to waterborne diseases involve children, and over 1.5 million cases of waterborne disease occur every year. In the developing world, this makes waterborne diseases...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/10/4/36 |
| _version_ | 1797570800134389760 |
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| author | Joshua Rainbow Eliska Sedlackova Shu Jiang Grace Maxted Despina Moschou Lukas Richtera Pedro Estrela |
| author_facet | Joshua Rainbow Eliska Sedlackova Shu Jiang Grace Maxted Despina Moschou Lukas Richtera Pedro Estrela |
| author_sort | Joshua Rainbow |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | More than 783 million people worldwide are currently without access to clean and safe water. Approximately 1 in 5 cases of mortality due to waterborne diseases involve children, and over 1.5 million cases of waterborne disease occur every year. In the developing world, this makes waterborne diseases the second highest cause of mortality. Such cases of waterborne disease are thought to be caused by poor sanitation, water infrastructure, public knowledge, and lack of suitable water monitoring systems. Conventional laboratory-based techniques are inadequate for effective on-site water quality monitoring purposes. This is due to their need for excessive equipment, operational complexity, lack of affordability, and long sample collection to data analysis times. In this review, we discuss the conventional techniques used in modern-day water quality testing. We discuss the future challenges of water quality testing in the developing world and how conventional techniques fall short of these challenges. Finally, we discuss the development of electrochemical biosensors and current research on the integration of these devices with microfluidic components to develop truly integrated, portable, simple to use and cost-effective devices for use by local environmental agencies, NGOs, and local communities in low-resource settings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:30:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4c7fa7adcd343e09edb151f47d1107d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:30:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4c7fa7adcd343e09edb151f47d1107d2023-11-19T21:28:33ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742020-04-011043610.3390/bios10040036Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource SettingsJoshua Rainbow0Eliska Sedlackova1Shu Jiang2Grace Maxted3Despina Moschou4Lukas Richtera5Pedro Estrela6Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio) and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UKDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1665/1, 613 00 Brno, Czech RepublicCentre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio) and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UKCentre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio) and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UKCentre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio) and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UKDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1665/1, 613 00 Brno, Czech RepublicCentre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio) and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UKMore than 783 million people worldwide are currently without access to clean and safe water. Approximately 1 in 5 cases of mortality due to waterborne diseases involve children, and over 1.5 million cases of waterborne disease occur every year. In the developing world, this makes waterborne diseases the second highest cause of mortality. Such cases of waterborne disease are thought to be caused by poor sanitation, water infrastructure, public knowledge, and lack of suitable water monitoring systems. Conventional laboratory-based techniques are inadequate for effective on-site water quality monitoring purposes. This is due to their need for excessive equipment, operational complexity, lack of affordability, and long sample collection to data analysis times. In this review, we discuss the conventional techniques used in modern-day water quality testing. We discuss the future challenges of water quality testing in the developing world and how conventional techniques fall short of these challenges. Finally, we discuss the development of electrochemical biosensors and current research on the integration of these devices with microfluidic components to develop truly integrated, portable, simple to use and cost-effective devices for use by local environmental agencies, NGOs, and local communities in low-resource settings.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/10/4/36electrochemical biosensorslow-resource settingspoint-of-carein-situ monitoringmicrobial pollutionlow and middle-income countries (LMICs) |
| spellingShingle | Joshua Rainbow Eliska Sedlackova Shu Jiang Grace Maxted Despina Moschou Lukas Richtera Pedro Estrela Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings Biosensors electrochemical biosensors low-resource settings point-of-care in-situ monitoring microbial pollution low and middle-income countries (LMICs) |
| title | Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings |
| title_full | Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings |
| title_fullStr | Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings |
| title_short | Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings |
| title_sort | integrated electrochemical biosensors for detection of waterborne pathogens in low resource settings |
| topic | electrochemical biosensors low-resource settings point-of-care in-situ monitoring microbial pollution low and middle-income countries (LMICs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/10/4/36 |
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