Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Social-Ecological System Vulnerability in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area
Catalyzed by global change and human activities, social and ecosystems are constantly under increasingly dynamic transformations. The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA), bordering the South China Sea and located in the Pearl River Delta Plain, is a typical region of complex SESs with r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/4/924 |
| _version_ | 1797604708877074432 |
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| author | Jiangyun Li Mingbao Chen |
| author_facet | Jiangyun Li Mingbao Chen |
| author_sort | Jiangyun Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Catalyzed by global change and human activities, social and ecosystems are constantly under increasingly dynamic transformations. The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA), bordering the South China Sea and located in the Pearl River Delta Plain, is a typical region of complex SESs with rapid socioeconomic development but severe ecosystem degradation. Therefore, based on the relevant data of 11 GBA cities from 2010–2020, this paper constructs an indicator system for assessing land–sea SESs by extracting from three aspects: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Through the construction of a vulnerability assessment indicator system, via the explicit spatial vulnerability indicator calculation model, and vulnerability factor diagnostic model, this study comprehensively analyzes vulnerability levels, spatiotemporal evolution, and SES vulnerability factors. The study found that, since 2010, the SES vulnerability of the GBA has shown an overall trend of alleviation, and the overall geographical distribution of classified vulnerability levels is rather concentrated, with cities around the Pearl River Estuary relatively less vulnerable. The augmentation of per-capita fiscal expenditure, per-capita gross regional product, and decent air quality rate are the critical ingredients to remedy the vulnerability in the GBA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:50:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4cf45a793194eee8760d43741f3efc4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:50:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4cf45a793194eee8760d43741f3efc42023-11-17T20:04:11ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2023-04-0112492410.3390/land12040924Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Social-Ecological System Vulnerability in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay AreaJiangyun Li0Mingbao Chen1Center of Marine Development, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, ChinaCenter of Marine Development, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, ChinaCatalyzed by global change and human activities, social and ecosystems are constantly under increasingly dynamic transformations. The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA), bordering the South China Sea and located in the Pearl River Delta Plain, is a typical region of complex SESs with rapid socioeconomic development but severe ecosystem degradation. Therefore, based on the relevant data of 11 GBA cities from 2010–2020, this paper constructs an indicator system for assessing land–sea SESs by extracting from three aspects: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Through the construction of a vulnerability assessment indicator system, via the explicit spatial vulnerability indicator calculation model, and vulnerability factor diagnostic model, this study comprehensively analyzes vulnerability levels, spatiotemporal evolution, and SES vulnerability factors. The study found that, since 2010, the SES vulnerability of the GBA has shown an overall trend of alleviation, and the overall geographical distribution of classified vulnerability levels is rather concentrated, with cities around the Pearl River Estuary relatively less vulnerable. The augmentation of per-capita fiscal expenditure, per-capita gross regional product, and decent air quality rate are the critical ingredients to remedy the vulnerability in the GBA.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/4/924social-ecological systemsvulnerabilityGuangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Areasustainable development |
| spellingShingle | Jiangyun Li Mingbao Chen Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Social-Ecological System Vulnerability in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area Land social-ecological systems vulnerability Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area sustainable development |
| title | Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Social-Ecological System Vulnerability in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Social-Ecological System Vulnerability in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Social-Ecological System Vulnerability in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Social-Ecological System Vulnerability in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Social-Ecological System Vulnerability in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of social ecological system vulnerability in the guangdong hong kong macau greater bay area |
| topic | social-ecological systems vulnerability Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area sustainable development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/4/924 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jiangyunli spatiotemporalevolutionandinfluencingfactorsofsocialecologicalsystemvulnerabilityintheguangdonghongkongmacaugreaterbayarea AT mingbaochen spatiotemporalevolutionandinfluencingfactorsofsocialecologicalsystemvulnerabilityintheguangdonghongkongmacaugreaterbayarea |