Beyond the Surface: Endocytosis of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses
Flaviviruses are a group of positive-sense RNA viruses that are primarily transmitted through arthropod vectors and are capable of causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Many of the flaviviruses that are pathogenic in humans are transmitted specifically through mosquito vectors. Over the past century...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/1/13 |
| _version_ | 1797543736990760960 |
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| author | Stephen D. Carro Sara Cherry |
| author_facet | Stephen D. Carro Sara Cherry |
| author_sort | Stephen D. Carro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flaviviruses are a group of positive-sense RNA viruses that are primarily transmitted through arthropod vectors and are capable of causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Many of the flaviviruses that are pathogenic in humans are transmitted specifically through mosquito vectors. Over the past century, many mosquito-borne flavivirus infections have emerged and re-emerged, and are of global importance with hundreds of millions of infections occurring yearly. There is a need for novel, effective, and accessible vaccines and antivirals capable of inhibiting flavivirus infection and ameliorating disease. The development of therapeutics targeting viral entry has long been a goal of antiviral research, but most efforts are hindered by the lack of broad-spectrum potency or toxicities associated with on-target effects, since many host proteins necessary for viral entry are also essential for host cell biology. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses generally enter cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), and recent studies suggest that a subset of these viruses can be internalized through a specialized form of CME that has additional dependencies distinct from canonical CME pathways, and antivirals targeting this pathway have been discovered. In this review, we discuss the role and contribution of endocytosis to mosquito-borne flavivirus entry as well as consider past and future efforts to target endocytosis for therapeutic interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:49:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4d2272cc4834dcf82f88c10e746b499 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:49:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4d2272cc4834dcf82f88c10e746b4992023-11-21T02:17:53ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-12-011311310.3390/v13010013Beyond the Surface: Endocytosis of Mosquito-Borne FlavivirusesStephen D. Carro0Sara Cherry1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAFlaviviruses are a group of positive-sense RNA viruses that are primarily transmitted through arthropod vectors and are capable of causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Many of the flaviviruses that are pathogenic in humans are transmitted specifically through mosquito vectors. Over the past century, many mosquito-borne flavivirus infections have emerged and re-emerged, and are of global importance with hundreds of millions of infections occurring yearly. There is a need for novel, effective, and accessible vaccines and antivirals capable of inhibiting flavivirus infection and ameliorating disease. The development of therapeutics targeting viral entry has long been a goal of antiviral research, but most efforts are hindered by the lack of broad-spectrum potency or toxicities associated with on-target effects, since many host proteins necessary for viral entry are also essential for host cell biology. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses generally enter cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), and recent studies suggest that a subset of these viruses can be internalized through a specialized form of CME that has additional dependencies distinct from canonical CME pathways, and antivirals targeting this pathway have been discovered. In this review, we discuss the role and contribution of endocytosis to mosquito-borne flavivirus entry as well as consider past and future efforts to target endocytosis for therapeutic interventions.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/1/13flavivirusmosquito-borneclathrin-mediatedendocytosisreceptorsRNASEK |
| spellingShingle | Stephen D. Carro Sara Cherry Beyond the Surface: Endocytosis of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses Viruses flavivirus mosquito-borne clathrin-mediated endocytosis receptors RNASEK |
| title | Beyond the Surface: Endocytosis of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses |
| title_full | Beyond the Surface: Endocytosis of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses |
| title_fullStr | Beyond the Surface: Endocytosis of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beyond the Surface: Endocytosis of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses |
| title_short | Beyond the Surface: Endocytosis of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses |
| title_sort | beyond the surface endocytosis of mosquito borne flaviviruses |
| topic | flavivirus mosquito-borne clathrin-mediated endocytosis receptors RNASEK |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/1/13 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stephendcarro beyondthesurfaceendocytosisofmosquitoborneflaviviruses AT saracherry beyondthesurfaceendocytosisofmosquitoborneflaviviruses |