VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF WILD GUATEMALAN AVOCADO GERMPLASM BASED ON AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS
Background. For the Guatemalan culture, the avocado (Persea americana Mill) represents more than a crop, since it has religious, mythical, economical, and medicinal significance typical of the center of domestication of the species. Although there is speculation about the wide variability of wild av...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems |
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| Online Access: | https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4663 |
| _version_ | 1797300606852923392 |
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| author | José Alejandro Ruiz Chután Julio Ernesto Berdúo-Sandoval Anna Maňourová Maria Kalousová Carlos Enrique Villanueva-González Eloy Fernández Jana Žiarovská Amílcar Sánchez-Pérez Bohdan Lojka |
| author_facet | José Alejandro Ruiz Chután Julio Ernesto Berdúo-Sandoval Anna Maňourová Maria Kalousová Carlos Enrique Villanueva-González Eloy Fernández Jana Žiarovská Amílcar Sánchez-Pérez Bohdan Lojka |
| author_sort | José Alejandro Ruiz Chután |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. For the Guatemalan culture, the avocado (Persea americana Mill) represents more than a crop, since it has religious, mythical, economical, and medicinal significance typical of the center of domestication of the species. Although there is speculation about the wide variability of wild avocado germplasm, there are no studies describing avocado populations. Objective. To explore wild germplasm based on agro-morphological characteristics using the standardized descriptors for avocado (Persea spp.). Methodology. The distribution of characteristics of 189 avocado trees across eight populations was evaluated using cross-tabulation and Chi-square testing. In order to properly handle qualitative and quantitative data, it was employed the factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD) and hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) to analyze the relationship and variation of features within and between populations. Results. The samples showed various morphological characteristics that indicate the presence of Mexican, Guatemalan, and West Indian avocado races in Guatemala. The FAMD revealed that the fruit shape, skin color and flesh texture, and anise odor in the leaves are ideal traits for distinguishing between individual trees. At the population level, the HCPC showed considerable variance amongst the studied trees but no distinct geographic groups of the samples. Implications. Although not all wild avocados grown in Guatemala are of the highest quality, several trees of extraordinary excellence are strewn over the republic's highlands. Thus, due to the danger posed by the introduction of commercial varieties, it is advisable preserving the germplasm. Conclusion. The clustering methods revealed that the 189 avocado trees could be regrouped into three main clusters. The morphological descriptors proved to be useful for grouping trees according to known races and can therefore be used in the characterization of cultivars and wild trees whose ancestry is unknown. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:09:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4dc7e3a4f5b475b81e1f9097a803199 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1870-0462 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:09:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4dc7e3a4f5b475b81e1f9097a8031992024-02-21T16:05:44ZengUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánTropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems1870-04622023-05-0126210.56369/tsaes.46631462VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF WILD GUATEMALAN AVOCADO GERMPLASM BASED ON AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITSJosé Alejandro Ruiz Chután0Julio Ernesto Berdúo-Sandoval1Anna Maňourová2Maria Kalousová3Carlos Enrique Villanueva-González4Eloy Fernández5Jana Žiarovská6Amílcar Sánchez-Pérez7Bohdan Lojka8Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de San Carlos de GuatemalaFacultad de Agronomía Universidad de San Carlos de GuatemalaDepartment of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences PragueDepartment of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Agrícolas, Universidad Rafael Landívar, Campus San Pedro Claver, S.J. de la VerapazDepartment of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences PragueDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Research Centre AgroBioTech, Slovak University of Agriculture in NitraFacultad de Agronomía Universidad de San Carlos de GuatemalaDepartment of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences PragueBackground. For the Guatemalan culture, the avocado (Persea americana Mill) represents more than a crop, since it has religious, mythical, economical, and medicinal significance typical of the center of domestication of the species. Although there is speculation about the wide variability of wild avocado germplasm, there are no studies describing avocado populations. Objective. To explore wild germplasm based on agro-morphological characteristics using the standardized descriptors for avocado (Persea spp.). Methodology. The distribution of characteristics of 189 avocado trees across eight populations was evaluated using cross-tabulation and Chi-square testing. In order to properly handle qualitative and quantitative data, it was employed the factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD) and hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) to analyze the relationship and variation of features within and between populations. Results. The samples showed various morphological characteristics that indicate the presence of Mexican, Guatemalan, and West Indian avocado races in Guatemala. The FAMD revealed that the fruit shape, skin color and flesh texture, and anise odor in the leaves are ideal traits for distinguishing between individual trees. At the population level, the HCPC showed considerable variance amongst the studied trees but no distinct geographic groups of the samples. Implications. Although not all wild avocados grown in Guatemala are of the highest quality, several trees of extraordinary excellence are strewn over the republic's highlands. Thus, due to the danger posed by the introduction of commercial varieties, it is advisable preserving the germplasm. Conclusion. The clustering methods revealed that the 189 avocado trees could be regrouped into three main clusters. The morphological descriptors proved to be useful for grouping trees according to known races and can therefore be used in the characterization of cultivars and wild trees whose ancestry is unknown.https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4663persea americanadiversityphenotypic variationfactorial analysis of mixed datawild germplasmconservation |
| spellingShingle | José Alejandro Ruiz Chután Julio Ernesto Berdúo-Sandoval Anna Maňourová Maria Kalousová Carlos Enrique Villanueva-González Eloy Fernández Jana Žiarovská Amílcar Sánchez-Pérez Bohdan Lojka VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF WILD GUATEMALAN AVOCADO GERMPLASM BASED ON AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems persea americana diversity phenotypic variation factorial analysis of mixed data wild germplasm conservation |
| title | VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF WILD GUATEMALAN AVOCADO GERMPLASM BASED ON AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS |
| title_full | VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF WILD GUATEMALAN AVOCADO GERMPLASM BASED ON AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS |
| title_fullStr | VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF WILD GUATEMALAN AVOCADO GERMPLASM BASED ON AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS |
| title_full_unstemmed | VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF WILD GUATEMALAN AVOCADO GERMPLASM BASED ON AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS |
| title_short | VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF WILD GUATEMALAN AVOCADO GERMPLASM BASED ON AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS |
| title_sort | variability analysis of wild guatemalan avocado germplasm based on agro morphological traits |
| topic | persea americana diversity phenotypic variation factorial analysis of mixed data wild germplasm conservation |
| url | https://www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/4663 |
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