The Establishment of an Ex Situ Collection of <i>Primula veris</i> in Bulgaria
<i>Primula veris</i> is a valuable medicinal plant species with declining populations, protected in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Act. The present study aimed to increase its extremely low seed germination rate, starting with seeds originating from two Bulgarian populations, and to set up...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/22/3018 |
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| author | Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova Maria Petrova Irena Grigorova Boryanka Traykova Marina Stanilova |
| author_facet | Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova Maria Petrova Irena Grigorova Boryanka Traykova Marina Stanilova |
| author_sort | Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Primula veris</i> is a valuable medicinal plant species with declining populations, protected in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Act. The present study aimed to increase its extremely low seed germination rate, starting with seeds originating from two Bulgarian populations, and to set up an ex situ field collection. The stimulation effect of three factors was tested in in vivo and in vitro experiments: seeds treated with gibberellic acid (in different concentrations and exposure time), light quality (white, infrared, red, and blue or dark), and cold stratification. The combination of factors resulted in 36 treatment variants in vivo and 8 treatment variants in vitro. No germination was observed in control treatment variants. The highest germinating rate (95%) was noticed in vivo under blue monochromatic light after seed soaking into 0.2% GA<sub>3</sub> for 10 h; however, the best results (55% of well-developed seedlings) were observed with a combination of blue light and 0.3% GA<sub>3</sub> for 5 h. Seedlings were successfully strengthened in vermiculite in a phytotron, potted in soil and grown in a greenhouse, and then 75 plants were transferred to the field plot, where most of them bloomed at the first vegetation season. These results are intended to serve as a basis for establishing a pilot agriculture of the species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:04:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4df5f3781b344549d4383d7a19ebfb0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:04:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4df5f3781b344549d4383d7a19ebfb02023-11-24T09:38:18ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-11-011122301810.3390/plants11223018The Establishment of an Ex Situ Collection of <i>Primula veris</i> in BulgariaElina Yankova-Tsvetkova0Maria Petrova1Irena Grigorova2Boryanka Traykova3Marina Stanilova4Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., 23, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., 21, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., 21, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., 23, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria<i>Primula veris</i> is a valuable medicinal plant species with declining populations, protected in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Act. The present study aimed to increase its extremely low seed germination rate, starting with seeds originating from two Bulgarian populations, and to set up an ex situ field collection. The stimulation effect of three factors was tested in in vivo and in vitro experiments: seeds treated with gibberellic acid (in different concentrations and exposure time), light quality (white, infrared, red, and blue or dark), and cold stratification. The combination of factors resulted in 36 treatment variants in vivo and 8 treatment variants in vitro. No germination was observed in control treatment variants. The highest germinating rate (95%) was noticed in vivo under blue monochromatic light after seed soaking into 0.2% GA<sub>3</sub> for 10 h; however, the best results (55% of well-developed seedlings) were observed with a combination of blue light and 0.3% GA<sub>3</sub> for 5 h. Seedlings were successfully strengthened in vermiculite in a phytotron, potted in soil and grown in a greenhouse, and then 75 plants were transferred to the field plot, where most of them bloomed at the first vegetation season. These results are intended to serve as a basis for establishing a pilot agriculture of the species.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/22/3018cowslipseed germinationgibberellic acidmonochromatic lights |
| spellingShingle | Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova Maria Petrova Irena Grigorova Boryanka Traykova Marina Stanilova The Establishment of an Ex Situ Collection of <i>Primula veris</i> in Bulgaria Plants cowslip seed germination gibberellic acid monochromatic lights |
| title | The Establishment of an Ex Situ Collection of <i>Primula veris</i> in Bulgaria |
| title_full | The Establishment of an Ex Situ Collection of <i>Primula veris</i> in Bulgaria |
| title_fullStr | The Establishment of an Ex Situ Collection of <i>Primula veris</i> in Bulgaria |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Establishment of an Ex Situ Collection of <i>Primula veris</i> in Bulgaria |
| title_short | The Establishment of an Ex Situ Collection of <i>Primula veris</i> in Bulgaria |
| title_sort | establishment of an ex situ collection of i primula veris i in bulgaria |
| topic | cowslip seed germination gibberellic acid monochromatic lights |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/22/3018 |
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