What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili)
Pathogens are exposed to a multitude of harmful conditions imposed by the environment of the host. Bacterial responses against these stresses are pivotal for successful host colonization and pathogenesis. In the case of many <i>E. coli</i> strains, type 1 fimbriae (pili) are an important...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/5 |
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| author | Hicham Bessaiah Carole Anamalé Jacqueline Sung Charles M. Dozois |
| author_facet | Hicham Bessaiah Carole Anamalé Jacqueline Sung Charles M. Dozois |
| author_sort | Hicham Bessaiah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pathogens are exposed to a multitude of harmful conditions imposed by the environment of the host. Bacterial responses against these stresses are pivotal for successful host colonization and pathogenesis. In the case of many <i>E. coli</i> strains, type 1 fimbriae (pili) are an important colonization factor that can contribute to diseases such as urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. Production of type 1 fimbriae in <i>E. coli</i> is dependent on an invertible promoter element, <i>fimS</i>, which serves as a phase variation switch determining whether or not a bacterial cell will produce type 1 fimbriae. In this review, we present aspects of signaling and stress involved in mediating regulation of type 1 fimbriae in extraintestinal <i>E. coli</i>; in particular, how certain regulatory mechanisms, some of which are linked to stress response, can influence production of fimbriae and influence bacterial colonization and infection. We suggest that regulation of type 1 fimbriae is potentially linked to environmental stress responses, providing a perspective for how environmental cues in the host and bacterial stress response during infection both play an important role in regulating extraintestinal pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> colonization and virulence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:55:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4e1fb8f90d3408c80d6ebfc66304b93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:55:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4e1fb8f90d3408c80d6ebfc66304b932023-11-23T14:45:44ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-12-01101510.3390/microorganisms10010005What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili)Hicham Bessaiah0Carole Anamalé1Jacqueline Sung2Charles M. Dozois3Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, CanadaInstitut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, CanadaInstitut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, CanadaInstitut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, CanadaPathogens are exposed to a multitude of harmful conditions imposed by the environment of the host. Bacterial responses against these stresses are pivotal for successful host colonization and pathogenesis. In the case of many <i>E. coli</i> strains, type 1 fimbriae (pili) are an important colonization factor that can contribute to diseases such as urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. Production of type 1 fimbriae in <i>E. coli</i> is dependent on an invertible promoter element, <i>fimS</i>, which serves as a phase variation switch determining whether or not a bacterial cell will produce type 1 fimbriae. In this review, we present aspects of signaling and stress involved in mediating regulation of type 1 fimbriae in extraintestinal <i>E. coli</i>; in particular, how certain regulatory mechanisms, some of which are linked to stress response, can influence production of fimbriae and influence bacterial colonization and infection. We suggest that regulation of type 1 fimbriae is potentially linked to environmental stress responses, providing a perspective for how environmental cues in the host and bacterial stress response during infection both play an important role in regulating extraintestinal pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> colonization and virulence.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/5<i>Escherichia coli</i>stress responsetype 1 fimbriaeadhesion |
| spellingShingle | Hicham Bessaiah Carole Anamalé Jacqueline Sung Charles M. Dozois What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) Microorganisms <i>Escherichia coli</i> stress response type 1 fimbriae adhesion |
| title | What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) |
| title_full | What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) |
| title_fullStr | What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) |
| title_full_unstemmed | What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) |
| title_short | What Flips the Switch? Signals and Stress Regulating Extraintestinal Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Type 1 Fimbriae (Pili) |
| title_sort | what flips the switch signals and stress regulating extraintestinal pathogenic i escherichia coli i type 1 fimbriae pili |
| topic | <i>Escherichia coli</i> stress response type 1 fimbriae adhesion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/1/5 |
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