Extraction and characterization of lignin from different biomass resources
Lignocellulosic biomass has been acknowledged for potential use to produce chemicals and biomaterials. Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer with cellulose being number one, making up to 10–25% of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignin is a three-dimensional, highly cross-linked macromolecule...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785414000982 |
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| author | Dereca Watkins Md. Nuruddin Mahesh Hosur Alfred Tcherbi-Narteh Shaik Jeelani |
| author_facet | Dereca Watkins Md. Nuruddin Mahesh Hosur Alfred Tcherbi-Narteh Shaik Jeelani |
| author_sort | Dereca Watkins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lignocellulosic biomass has been acknowledged for potential use to produce chemicals and biomaterials. Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer with cellulose being number one, making up to 10–25% of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignin is a three-dimensional, highly cross-linked macromolecule composed of three types of substituted phenols, which include: coniferyl, sinapyl, and p-coumaryl alcohols by enzymatic polymerization, yielding a vast number of functional groups and linkages. There is a wide range of lignin sources available, including: jute, hemp, cotton, and wood pulp. Hence, the lignin's physical and chemical behavior will be different with respect to the original source and extraction method used. The objective of this research is to extract lignin from nonwood cellulosic biomass (Wheat straw, Pine straw, Alfalfa, Kenaf, and Flax fiber) by formic acid treatment followed by peroxyformic acid treatment for the potential use as a partial replacement for the phenol precursor in resole phenolic systems. Isolated lignins were purified to remove impurities and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis to compare thermal properties and chemical composition. It was found that lignin obtained from alfalfa provided the greatest yield of the various sources. Enthalpy measurements were higher for lignin from flax fiber and alfalfa at 190.57 and 160.90 J/g, respectively. The source of lignin samples was seen to affect the thermal properties. Overall, lignin extracted from wheat straw had the greatest thermal stability followed very closely by that obtained from flax fiber. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T13:56:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4e970f04481416b8452d0c270c1709b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T13:56:50Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4e970f04481416b8452d0c270c1709b2022-12-22T01:04:02ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542015-01-0141263210.1016/j.jmrt.2014.10.009Extraction and characterization of lignin from different biomass resourcesDereca WatkinsMd. NuruddinMahesh HosurAlfred Tcherbi-NartehShaik JeelaniLignocellulosic biomass has been acknowledged for potential use to produce chemicals and biomaterials. Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer with cellulose being number one, making up to 10–25% of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignin is a three-dimensional, highly cross-linked macromolecule composed of three types of substituted phenols, which include: coniferyl, sinapyl, and p-coumaryl alcohols by enzymatic polymerization, yielding a vast number of functional groups and linkages. There is a wide range of lignin sources available, including: jute, hemp, cotton, and wood pulp. Hence, the lignin's physical and chemical behavior will be different with respect to the original source and extraction method used. The objective of this research is to extract lignin from nonwood cellulosic biomass (Wheat straw, Pine straw, Alfalfa, Kenaf, and Flax fiber) by formic acid treatment followed by peroxyformic acid treatment for the potential use as a partial replacement for the phenol precursor in resole phenolic systems. Isolated lignins were purified to remove impurities and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis to compare thermal properties and chemical composition. It was found that lignin obtained from alfalfa provided the greatest yield of the various sources. Enthalpy measurements were higher for lignin from flax fiber and alfalfa at 190.57 and 160.90 J/g, respectively. The source of lignin samples was seen to affect the thermal properties. Overall, lignin extracted from wheat straw had the greatest thermal stability followed very closely by that obtained from flax fiber.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785414000982BiomassAcid hydrolysisCelluloseLigninFTIRCharacterization |
| spellingShingle | Dereca Watkins Md. Nuruddin Mahesh Hosur Alfred Tcherbi-Narteh Shaik Jeelani Extraction and characterization of lignin from different biomass resources Journal of Materials Research and Technology Biomass Acid hydrolysis Cellulose Lignin FTIR Characterization |
| title | Extraction and characterization of lignin from different biomass resources |
| title_full | Extraction and characterization of lignin from different biomass resources |
| title_fullStr | Extraction and characterization of lignin from different biomass resources |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction and characterization of lignin from different biomass resources |
| title_short | Extraction and characterization of lignin from different biomass resources |
| title_sort | extraction and characterization of lignin from different biomass resources |
| topic | Biomass Acid hydrolysis Cellulose Lignin FTIR Characterization |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785414000982 |
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