ENHANCING THE PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS B
Globally according to the WHO progress report on viral hepatitis in 2021, 296 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and 820,000 deaths per year were due to HBV related liver cirrhosis and cancer. These estimated numbers for HBV are 5.1 folds and 2.8 folds higher th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S120197122300259X |
| _version_ | 1797824612202971136 |
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| author | Tan Soek Siam |
| author_facet | Tan Soek Siam |
| author_sort | Tan Soek Siam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Globally according to the WHO progress report on viral hepatitis in 2021, 296 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and 820,000 deaths per year were due to HBV related liver cirrhosis and cancer. These estimated numbers for HBV are 5.1 folds and 2.8 folds higher than the respective estimates for hepatitis C, HBV needs greater efforts and attention if we are to eliminate viral hepatitis.Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is responsible for the majority of chronic HBV infection especially in endemic regions. Perinatal transmission of HBV results in chronic infection in 90% of cases where else HBV infection in adulthood carries a much lower risk of chronicity at 10%.About 6 million children younger than five years old are living with HBV. Therefore the prevention of MTCT is an essential step towards HBV elimination.Complete and timely HBV vaccination is the most cost-effective way to prevent MTCT of HBV and in hepatitis B endemic populations with universal hepatitis B vaccination there are evidence showing reduction in the incidence of hepatitis-B-related childhood hepatocellular carcinoma.Studies reported the risks of failure to prevent MTCT even with passive and active HBV vaccinations are maternal's high viral load, HBeAg positivity and delay in the administration of the HBV birth dose.Concerted efforts and adoption of newer widely available technologies are required to overcome the accessibility of testing, the challenges when delivery occurred outside health facilities, in rural or remote communities and the inconsistent cold chain for vaccines.Randomized controlled studies and real world practice showed the prevention of MTCT of HBV are enhanced by using prophylaxis anti-HBV therapies at 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancies in women with high viral load.Ante-natal testing for hepatitis B is an invaluable opportunity to diagnose and contact trace cases for linkage to care which is key to achieve the elimination targets on morbidity and mortality of HBV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:41:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4ec6a0eaca14f70becac5160e31c890 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1201-9712 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:41:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4ec6a0eaca14f70becac5160e31c8902023-05-18T04:38:22ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97122023-05-01130S52ENHANCING THE PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS BTan Soek Siam0Selayang Hospital, Batu Caves, MalaysiaGlobally according to the WHO progress report on viral hepatitis in 2021, 296 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and 820,000 deaths per year were due to HBV related liver cirrhosis and cancer. These estimated numbers for HBV are 5.1 folds and 2.8 folds higher than the respective estimates for hepatitis C, HBV needs greater efforts and attention if we are to eliminate viral hepatitis.Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is responsible for the majority of chronic HBV infection especially in endemic regions. Perinatal transmission of HBV results in chronic infection in 90% of cases where else HBV infection in adulthood carries a much lower risk of chronicity at 10%.About 6 million children younger than five years old are living with HBV. Therefore the prevention of MTCT is an essential step towards HBV elimination.Complete and timely HBV vaccination is the most cost-effective way to prevent MTCT of HBV and in hepatitis B endemic populations with universal hepatitis B vaccination there are evidence showing reduction in the incidence of hepatitis-B-related childhood hepatocellular carcinoma.Studies reported the risks of failure to prevent MTCT even with passive and active HBV vaccinations are maternal's high viral load, HBeAg positivity and delay in the administration of the HBV birth dose.Concerted efforts and adoption of newer widely available technologies are required to overcome the accessibility of testing, the challenges when delivery occurred outside health facilities, in rural or remote communities and the inconsistent cold chain for vaccines.Randomized controlled studies and real world practice showed the prevention of MTCT of HBV are enhanced by using prophylaxis anti-HBV therapies at 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancies in women with high viral load.Ante-natal testing for hepatitis B is an invaluable opportunity to diagnose and contact trace cases for linkage to care which is key to achieve the elimination targets on morbidity and mortality of HBV.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S120197122300259X |
| spellingShingle | Tan Soek Siam ENHANCING THE PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS B International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| title | ENHANCING THE PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS B |
| title_full | ENHANCING THE PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS B |
| title_fullStr | ENHANCING THE PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS B |
| title_full_unstemmed | ENHANCING THE PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS B |
| title_short | ENHANCING THE PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS B |
| title_sort | enhancing the prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis b |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S120197122300259X |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tansoeksiam enhancingthepreventionofmothertochildtransmissionofhepatitisb |