Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism
Intoxication with botulinum neurotoxin can occur through various routes. Foodborne botulism results after consumption of food in which botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia (i.e., <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> or strains of <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> type E or <i>C...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/2/81 |
| _version_ | 1811300355445620736 |
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| author | Richard A. Harris Fabrizio Anniballi John W. Austin |
| author_facet | Richard A. Harris Fabrizio Anniballi John W. Austin |
| author_sort | Richard A. Harris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Intoxication with botulinum neurotoxin can occur through various routes. Foodborne botulism results after consumption of food in which botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia (i.e., <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> or strains of <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> type E or <i>Clostridium baratii</i> type F) have replicated and produced botulinum neurotoxin. Infection of a wound with <i>C. botulinum</i> and in situ production of botulinum neurotoxin leads to wound botulism. Colonization of the intestine by neurotoxigenic clostridia, with consequent production of botulinum toxin in the intestine, leads to intestinal toxemia botulism. When this occurs in an infant, it is referred to as infant botulism, whereas in adults or children over 1 year of age, it is intestinal colonization botulism. Predisposing factors for intestinal colonization in children or adults include previous bowel or gastric surgery, anatomical bowel abnormalities, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, antimicrobial therapy, or foodborne botulism. Intestinal colonization botulism is confirmed by detection of botulinum toxin in serum and/or stool, or isolation of neurotoxigenic clostridia from the stool, without finding a toxic food. Shedding of neurotoxigenic clostridia in the stool may occur for a period of several weeks. Adult intestinal botulism occurs as isolated cases, and may go undiagnosed, contributing to the low reported incidence of this rare disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:49:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4ed254d48494f058b99dad5bcb944fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:49:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4ed254d48494f058b99dad5bcb944fd2022-12-22T02:57:26ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-01-011228110.3390/toxins12020081toxins12020081Adult Intestinal Toxemia BotulismRichard A. Harris0Fabrizio Anniballi1John W. Austin2Botulism Reference Service for Canada, Microbiology Research Division, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, CanadaNational Reference Centre for Botulism, Microbiological Foodborne Hazard Unit, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena, 29900161 Rome, ItalyBotulism Reference Service for Canada, Microbiology Research Division, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, CanadaIntoxication with botulinum neurotoxin can occur through various routes. Foodborne botulism results after consumption of food in which botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia (i.e., <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> or strains of <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> type E or <i>Clostridium baratii</i> type F) have replicated and produced botulinum neurotoxin. Infection of a wound with <i>C. botulinum</i> and in situ production of botulinum neurotoxin leads to wound botulism. Colonization of the intestine by neurotoxigenic clostridia, with consequent production of botulinum toxin in the intestine, leads to intestinal toxemia botulism. When this occurs in an infant, it is referred to as infant botulism, whereas in adults or children over 1 year of age, it is intestinal colonization botulism. Predisposing factors for intestinal colonization in children or adults include previous bowel or gastric surgery, anatomical bowel abnormalities, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, antimicrobial therapy, or foodborne botulism. Intestinal colonization botulism is confirmed by detection of botulinum toxin in serum and/or stool, or isolation of neurotoxigenic clostridia from the stool, without finding a toxic food. Shedding of neurotoxigenic clostridia in the stool may occur for a period of several weeks. Adult intestinal botulism occurs as isolated cases, and may go undiagnosed, contributing to the low reported incidence of this rare disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/2/81<i>clostridium botulinum</i><i>clostridium butyricum</i><i>clostridium baratii</i>botulismbotulinum toxinintestinal toxemia |
| spellingShingle | Richard A. Harris Fabrizio Anniballi John W. Austin Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism Toxins <i>clostridium botulinum</i> <i>clostridium butyricum</i> <i>clostridium baratii</i> botulism botulinum toxin intestinal toxemia |
| title | Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism |
| title_full | Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism |
| title_fullStr | Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism |
| title_short | Adult Intestinal Toxemia Botulism |
| title_sort | adult intestinal toxemia botulism |
| topic | <i>clostridium botulinum</i> <i>clostridium butyricum</i> <i>clostridium baratii</i> botulism botulinum toxin intestinal toxemia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/2/81 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT richardaharris adultintestinaltoxemiabotulism AT fabrizioanniballi adultintestinaltoxemiabotulism AT johnwaustin adultintestinaltoxemiabotulism |