Oxidative Stress Markers and Heat Shock Proteins in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin D
Introduction. Oxidative stress (OS) is recognized in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OS results in intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, causing oxidative protein damage that is protected by heat shock proteins (HSPs). Vitamin D is thought to reduce and protect a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/2044 |
| _version_ | 1797590136149508096 |
|---|---|
| author | Manjula Nandakumar Thozhukat Sathyapalan Alexandra E. Butler Stephen L. Atkin |
| author_facet | Manjula Nandakumar Thozhukat Sathyapalan Alexandra E. Butler Stephen L. Atkin |
| author_sort | Manjula Nandakumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction. Oxidative stress (OS) is recognized in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OS results in intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, causing oxidative protein damage that is protected by heat shock proteins (HSPs). Vitamin D is thought to reduce and protect against OS; therefore, OS, HSP, and vitamin D levels may be associated with PCOS. However, their expression in PCOS without underlying inflammation is unknown. Methods. In this exploratory study, the plasma levels of 7 OS proteins and 10 HSPs that are affected by the OS process were measured using Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMA)-scan plasma protein measurements in non-obese, non-insulin resistant women with PCOS (<i>n</i> = 24) without systemic inflammation and control (<i>n</i> = 24) women; the cohorts were matched for weight and age. The OS proteins and HSPs were correlated with 25-hydroxy vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (25(OH)D<sub>3</sub>) and the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> (1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>), as measured by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results. The PCOS women versus the controls had comparable insulin resistance and systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein 2.0 mg/L vs. 2.3 mg/L, <i>p</i> > 0.05), but higher free androgen index and anti-mullerian hormone levels. Among the OS proteins, only esterase D (ESD; <i>p</i> < 0.01) was elevated in PCOS and the HSPs did not differ between the PCOS and control women. There was no correlation of 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> or 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> with any of the proteins. Conclusions. In a PCOS population that was non-obese and without insulin resistance and systemic inflammation, only ESD was elevated in PCOS, whilst the other OS proteins and HSPs were not elevated. Further, none of the OS proteins or HSPs were correlated with either 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> or 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> in either cohort of women or when both cohorts were combined, indicating that the OS and HSP responses were largely absent and not affected by vitamin D in a non-obese PCOS population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:17:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4f984d2d52f41d88e833eb0cde02399 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:17:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4f984d2d52f41d88e833eb0cde023992023-11-18T18:28:39ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-07-01117204410.3390/biomedicines11072044Oxidative Stress Markers and Heat Shock Proteins in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin DManjula Nandakumar0Thozhukat Sathyapalan1Alexandra E. Butler2Stephen L. Atkin3Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen, Adliya 15503, BahrainAcademic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RU, UKResearch Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen, Adliya 15503, BahrainResearch Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen, Adliya 15503, BahrainIntroduction. Oxidative stress (OS) is recognized in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OS results in intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, causing oxidative protein damage that is protected by heat shock proteins (HSPs). Vitamin D is thought to reduce and protect against OS; therefore, OS, HSP, and vitamin D levels may be associated with PCOS. However, their expression in PCOS without underlying inflammation is unknown. Methods. In this exploratory study, the plasma levels of 7 OS proteins and 10 HSPs that are affected by the OS process were measured using Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMA)-scan plasma protein measurements in non-obese, non-insulin resistant women with PCOS (<i>n</i> = 24) without systemic inflammation and control (<i>n</i> = 24) women; the cohorts were matched for weight and age. The OS proteins and HSPs were correlated with 25-hydroxy vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (25(OH)D<sub>3</sub>) and the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> (1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>), as measured by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results. The PCOS women versus the controls had comparable insulin resistance and systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein 2.0 mg/L vs. 2.3 mg/L, <i>p</i> > 0.05), but higher free androgen index and anti-mullerian hormone levels. Among the OS proteins, only esterase D (ESD; <i>p</i> < 0.01) was elevated in PCOS and the HSPs did not differ between the PCOS and control women. There was no correlation of 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> or 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> with any of the proteins. Conclusions. In a PCOS population that was non-obese and without insulin resistance and systemic inflammation, only ESD was elevated in PCOS, whilst the other OS proteins and HSPs were not elevated. Further, none of the OS proteins or HSPs were correlated with either 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> or 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> in either cohort of women or when both cohorts were combined, indicating that the OS and HSP responses were largely absent and not affected by vitamin D in a non-obese PCOS population.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/2044polycystic ovary syndromeoxidative stressheat shock proteinsvitamin D<sub>3</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Manjula Nandakumar Thozhukat Sathyapalan Alexandra E. Butler Stephen L. Atkin Oxidative Stress Markers and Heat Shock Proteins in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin D Biomedicines polycystic ovary syndrome oxidative stress heat shock proteins vitamin D<sub>3</sub> |
| title | Oxidative Stress Markers and Heat Shock Proteins in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin D |
| title_full | Oxidative Stress Markers and Heat Shock Proteins in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin D |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress Markers and Heat Shock Proteins in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin D |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress Markers and Heat Shock Proteins in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin D |
| title_short | Oxidative Stress Markers and Heat Shock Proteins in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin D |
| title_sort | oxidative stress markers and heat shock proteins in non obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome are not elevated and show no correlation with vitamin d |
| topic | polycystic ovary syndrome oxidative stress heat shock proteins vitamin D<sub>3</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/2044 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manjulanandakumar oxidativestressmarkersandheatshockproteinsinnonobesewomenwithpolycysticovarysyndromearenotelevatedandshownocorrelationwithvitamind AT thozhukatsathyapalan oxidativestressmarkersandheatshockproteinsinnonobesewomenwithpolycysticovarysyndromearenotelevatedandshownocorrelationwithvitamind AT alexandraebutler oxidativestressmarkersandheatshockproteinsinnonobesewomenwithpolycysticovarysyndromearenotelevatedandshownocorrelationwithvitamind AT stephenlatkin oxidativestressmarkersandheatshockproteinsinnonobesewomenwithpolycysticovarysyndromearenotelevatedandshownocorrelationwithvitamind |