Acoustic Emission Source Characterisation during Fatigue Crack Growth in Al 2024-T3 Specimens
While acoustic emission (AE) testing can be used as a valuable technique in structural health monitoring and non-destructive testing, little research has been conducted to establish its sources, particularly in 2024-T3 aluminium alloys. The major contribution of this work is that it provides a metho...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8796 |
| _version_ | 1797463992245944320 |
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| author | Xinyue Yao Benjamin Steven Vien Chris Davies Wing Kong Chiu |
| author_facet | Xinyue Yao Benjamin Steven Vien Chris Davies Wing Kong Chiu |
| author_sort | Xinyue Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While acoustic emission (AE) testing can be used as a valuable technique in structural health monitoring and non-destructive testing, little research has been conducted to establish its sources, particularly in 2024-T3 aluminium alloys. The major contribution of this work is that it provides a method to obtain a better linear relationship of count rate with crack growth rate based on waveform. This paper aims to characterise AE sources by synchronising the AE waveforms with load levels and then to propose possible dominant frequency ranges. The AE waveforms during fatigue crack growth in edge-notched 2024-T3 aluminium specimens, from an initial crack length of 10 mm to 70 mm, were collected at two different load ratios <i>R</i> = 0.125 and 0.5. At the same time, the crack growth rate was determined using thermal imaging and associated control software. The AE waveforms obtained were processed using the fast Fourier transform. It was shown that a significantly higher AE count rate was recorded at <i>R</i> = 0.125 compared to <i>R</i> = 0.5 when the maximum load was kept the same. This means that the <i>R</i>-ratio would affect the total amount of AE activities collected. It was also found that the dominant frequency range of the AE waveforms directly related to crack growth was 152–487 kHz, and the ranges due to crack closure were likely to be 310 kHz–316 kHz and 500–700 kHz. Based on the proposed frequency ranges, waveform selection was conducted and a better linear relationship between count rate and crack growth rate was observed. This study provides a better understanding of the AE sources and waveforms for future structural health monitoring applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:01:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4ffafc7c2704e21840b90c75fff0581 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:01:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4ffafc7c2704e21840b90c75fff05812023-11-24T09:55:52ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-11-012222879610.3390/s22228796Acoustic Emission Source Characterisation during Fatigue Crack Growth in Al 2024-T3 SpecimensXinyue Yao0Benjamin Steven Vien1Chris Davies2Wing Kong Chiu3Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, AustraliaDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, AustraliaDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, AustraliaDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, AustraliaWhile acoustic emission (AE) testing can be used as a valuable technique in structural health monitoring and non-destructive testing, little research has been conducted to establish its sources, particularly in 2024-T3 aluminium alloys. The major contribution of this work is that it provides a method to obtain a better linear relationship of count rate with crack growth rate based on waveform. This paper aims to characterise AE sources by synchronising the AE waveforms with load levels and then to propose possible dominant frequency ranges. The AE waveforms during fatigue crack growth in edge-notched 2024-T3 aluminium specimens, from an initial crack length of 10 mm to 70 mm, were collected at two different load ratios <i>R</i> = 0.125 and 0.5. At the same time, the crack growth rate was determined using thermal imaging and associated control software. The AE waveforms obtained were processed using the fast Fourier transform. It was shown that a significantly higher AE count rate was recorded at <i>R</i> = 0.125 compared to <i>R</i> = 0.5 when the maximum load was kept the same. This means that the <i>R</i>-ratio would affect the total amount of AE activities collected. It was also found that the dominant frequency range of the AE waveforms directly related to crack growth was 152–487 kHz, and the ranges due to crack closure were likely to be 310 kHz–316 kHz and 500–700 kHz. Based on the proposed frequency ranges, waveform selection was conducted and a better linear relationship between count rate and crack growth rate was observed. This study provides a better understanding of the AE sources and waveforms for future structural health monitoring applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8796acoustic emissionsource characterisationfast Fourier transformstructural health monitoringfatigue crack |
| spellingShingle | Xinyue Yao Benjamin Steven Vien Chris Davies Wing Kong Chiu Acoustic Emission Source Characterisation during Fatigue Crack Growth in Al 2024-T3 Specimens Sensors acoustic emission source characterisation fast Fourier transform structural health monitoring fatigue crack |
| title | Acoustic Emission Source Characterisation during Fatigue Crack Growth in Al 2024-T3 Specimens |
| title_full | Acoustic Emission Source Characterisation during Fatigue Crack Growth in Al 2024-T3 Specimens |
| title_fullStr | Acoustic Emission Source Characterisation during Fatigue Crack Growth in Al 2024-T3 Specimens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acoustic Emission Source Characterisation during Fatigue Crack Growth in Al 2024-T3 Specimens |
| title_short | Acoustic Emission Source Characterisation during Fatigue Crack Growth in Al 2024-T3 Specimens |
| title_sort | acoustic emission source characterisation during fatigue crack growth in al 2024 t3 specimens |
| topic | acoustic emission source characterisation fast Fourier transform structural health monitoring fatigue crack |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8796 |
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