Comparative analysis of differential gene expression indicates divergence in ontogenetic strategies of leaves in two conifer genera
Abstract In land plants, heteroblasty broadly refers to a drastic change in morphology during growth through ontogeny. Juniperus flaccida and Pinus cembroides are conifers of independent lineages known to exhibit leaf heteroblasty between the juvenile and adult life stage of development. Juvenile le...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8611 |
| _version_ | 1828339539731546112 |
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| author | Cynthia Webster Laura Figueroa‐Corona Iván David Méndez‐González Lluvia Álvarez‐Soto David B. Neale Juan Pablo Jaramillo‐Correa Jill L. Wegrzyn Alejandra Vázquez‐Lobo |
| author_facet | Cynthia Webster Laura Figueroa‐Corona Iván David Méndez‐González Lluvia Álvarez‐Soto David B. Neale Juan Pablo Jaramillo‐Correa Jill L. Wegrzyn Alejandra Vázquez‐Lobo |
| author_sort | Cynthia Webster |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In land plants, heteroblasty broadly refers to a drastic change in morphology during growth through ontogeny. Juniperus flaccida and Pinus cembroides are conifers of independent lineages known to exhibit leaf heteroblasty between the juvenile and adult life stage of development. Juvenile leaves of P. cembroides develop spirally on the main stem and appear decurrent, flattened, and needle‐like; whereas adult photosynthetic leaves are triangular or semi‐circular needle‐like, and grow in whorls on secondary or tertiary compact dwarf shoots. By comparison, J. flaccida juvenile leaves are decurrent and needle‐like, and adult leaves are compact, short, and scale‐like. Comparative analyses were performed to evaluate differences in anatomy and gene expression patterns between developmental phases in both species. RNA from 12 samples was sequenced and analyzed with available software. They were assembled de novo from the RNA‐Seq reads. Following assembly, 63,741 high‐quality transcripts were functionally annotated in P. cembroides and 69,448 in J. flaccida. Evaluation of the orthologous groups yielded 4140 shared gene families among the four references (adult and juvenile from each species). Activities related to cell division and development were more abundant in juveniles than adults in P. cembroides, and more abundant in adults than juveniles in J. flaccida. Overall, there were 509 up‐regulated and 81 down‐regulated genes in the juvenile condition of P. cembroides and 14 up‐regulated and 22 down‐regulated genes in J. flaccida. Gene interaction network analysis showed evidence of co‐expression and co‐localization of up‐regulated genes involved in cell wall and cuticle formation, development, and phenylpropanoid pathway, in juvenile P. cembroides leaves. Whereas in J. flaccida, differential expression and gene interaction patterns were detected in genes involved in photosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis. Although J. flaccida and P. cembroides both exhibit leaf heteroblastic development, little overlap was detected, and unique genes and pathways were highlighted in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:44:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f525d49eec974ee8996eae3207888d05 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:44:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-f525d49eec974ee8996eae3207888d052022-12-22T02:26:30ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582022-02-01122n/an/a10.1002/ece3.8611Comparative analysis of differential gene expression indicates divergence in ontogenetic strategies of leaves in two conifer generaCynthia Webster0Laura Figueroa‐Corona1Iván David Méndez‐González2Lluvia Álvarez‐Soto3David B. Neale4Juan Pablo Jaramillo‐Correa5Jill L. Wegrzyn6Alejandra Vázquez‐Lobo7Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USADepartamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México MexicoDepartamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca MéxicoDepartment of Plant Sciences University of California Davis California USADepartamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México MexicoDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USACentro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca MéxicoAbstract In land plants, heteroblasty broadly refers to a drastic change in morphology during growth through ontogeny. Juniperus flaccida and Pinus cembroides are conifers of independent lineages known to exhibit leaf heteroblasty between the juvenile and adult life stage of development. Juvenile leaves of P. cembroides develop spirally on the main stem and appear decurrent, flattened, and needle‐like; whereas adult photosynthetic leaves are triangular or semi‐circular needle‐like, and grow in whorls on secondary or tertiary compact dwarf shoots. By comparison, J. flaccida juvenile leaves are decurrent and needle‐like, and adult leaves are compact, short, and scale‐like. Comparative analyses were performed to evaluate differences in anatomy and gene expression patterns between developmental phases in both species. RNA from 12 samples was sequenced and analyzed with available software. They were assembled de novo from the RNA‐Seq reads. Following assembly, 63,741 high‐quality transcripts were functionally annotated in P. cembroides and 69,448 in J. flaccida. Evaluation of the orthologous groups yielded 4140 shared gene families among the four references (adult and juvenile from each species). Activities related to cell division and development were more abundant in juveniles than adults in P. cembroides, and more abundant in adults than juveniles in J. flaccida. Overall, there were 509 up‐regulated and 81 down‐regulated genes in the juvenile condition of P. cembroides and 14 up‐regulated and 22 down‐regulated genes in J. flaccida. Gene interaction network analysis showed evidence of co‐expression and co‐localization of up‐regulated genes involved in cell wall and cuticle formation, development, and phenylpropanoid pathway, in juvenile P. cembroides leaves. Whereas in J. flaccida, differential expression and gene interaction patterns were detected in genes involved in photosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis. Although J. flaccida and P. cembroides both exhibit leaf heteroblastic development, little overlap was detected, and unique genes and pathways were highlighted in this study.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8611cell wall and cutin biosynthesisconifer leaf developmentHeteroblastyJuniperus flaccidaPinus cembroidesRNA‐seq analysis |
| spellingShingle | Cynthia Webster Laura Figueroa‐Corona Iván David Méndez‐González Lluvia Álvarez‐Soto David B. Neale Juan Pablo Jaramillo‐Correa Jill L. Wegrzyn Alejandra Vázquez‐Lobo Comparative analysis of differential gene expression indicates divergence in ontogenetic strategies of leaves in two conifer genera Ecology and Evolution cell wall and cutin biosynthesis conifer leaf development Heteroblasty Juniperus flaccida Pinus cembroides RNA‐seq analysis |
| title | Comparative analysis of differential gene expression indicates divergence in ontogenetic strategies of leaves in two conifer genera |
| title_full | Comparative analysis of differential gene expression indicates divergence in ontogenetic strategies of leaves in two conifer genera |
| title_fullStr | Comparative analysis of differential gene expression indicates divergence in ontogenetic strategies of leaves in two conifer genera |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative analysis of differential gene expression indicates divergence in ontogenetic strategies of leaves in two conifer genera |
| title_short | Comparative analysis of differential gene expression indicates divergence in ontogenetic strategies of leaves in two conifer genera |
| title_sort | comparative analysis of differential gene expression indicates divergence in ontogenetic strategies of leaves in two conifer genera |
| topic | cell wall and cutin biosynthesis conifer leaf development Heteroblasty Juniperus flaccida Pinus cembroides RNA‐seq analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8611 |
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