Assessment of ‘Cool’ and ‘Hot’ Executive Skills in Children with ADHD: The Role of Performance Measures and Behavioral Ratings
Executive dysfunction is an underlying characteristic of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Therefore, this study explored which measures of executive functions (EF) may lead to a better diagnostic prediction and evaluated whether participants were adequately assigned to the ADHD group...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2254-9625/12/11/116 |
| _version_ | 1797465546747281408 |
|---|---|
| author | Andreia S. Veloso Selene G. Vicente Marisa G. Filipe |
| author_facet | Andreia S. Veloso Selene G. Vicente Marisa G. Filipe |
| author_sort | Andreia S. Veloso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Executive dysfunction is an underlying characteristic of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Therefore, this study explored which measures of executive functions (EF) may lead to a better diagnostic prediction and evaluated whether participants were adequately assigned to the ADHD group based on the identified predictors. Seventeen 6- to 10-year-old children with ADHD were matched with 17 typically developing peers (TD) by age, gender, and non-verbal intelligence. Performance-based measures and behavior ratings of ‘cool’ and ‘hot’ EF were used. As expected, there was a significant group effect on the linear combination of measures, indicating that children with ADHD showed significant difficulties with EF compared to the TD group. In fact, significant differences were found in measures of short-term and working memory, planning, delay aversion, and EF-related behaviors, as reported by parents and teachers. However, the discriminant function analysis only revealed three significant predictors: the General Executive Composite of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (Parent and Teacher Forms) and the Delay of Gratification Task, with 97.1% correct classifications. These findings highlight the importance and contribution of both behavioral ratings and ‘hot’ measures of EF for the characterization of ADHD in children. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:24:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f52ac3296c824c12a29742725b69483b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2174-8144 2254-9625 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:24:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education |
| spelling | doaj.art-f52ac3296c824c12a29742725b69483b2023-11-24T08:08:01ZengMDPI AGEuropean Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education2174-81442254-96252022-11-0112111657167210.3390/ejihpe12110116Assessment of ‘Cool’ and ‘Hot’ Executive Skills in Children with ADHD: The Role of Performance Measures and Behavioral RatingsAndreia S. Veloso0Selene G. Vicente1Marisa G. Filipe2Centre for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalCentre for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalCenter for Linguistics, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, 1600-214 Lisboa, PortugalExecutive dysfunction is an underlying characteristic of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Therefore, this study explored which measures of executive functions (EF) may lead to a better diagnostic prediction and evaluated whether participants were adequately assigned to the ADHD group based on the identified predictors. Seventeen 6- to 10-year-old children with ADHD were matched with 17 typically developing peers (TD) by age, gender, and non-verbal intelligence. Performance-based measures and behavior ratings of ‘cool’ and ‘hot’ EF were used. As expected, there was a significant group effect on the linear combination of measures, indicating that children with ADHD showed significant difficulties with EF compared to the TD group. In fact, significant differences were found in measures of short-term and working memory, planning, delay aversion, and EF-related behaviors, as reported by parents and teachers. However, the discriminant function analysis only revealed three significant predictors: the General Executive Composite of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (Parent and Teacher Forms) and the Delay of Gratification Task, with 97.1% correct classifications. These findings highlight the importance and contribution of both behavioral ratings and ‘hot’ measures of EF for the characterization of ADHD in children.https://www.mdpi.com/2254-9625/12/11/116attention deficit/hyperactivity disorderexecutive functionshot executive functionscool executive functionschildrenperformance-based measures |
| spellingShingle | Andreia S. Veloso Selene G. Vicente Marisa G. Filipe Assessment of ‘Cool’ and ‘Hot’ Executive Skills in Children with ADHD: The Role of Performance Measures and Behavioral Ratings European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder executive functions hot executive functions cool executive functions children performance-based measures |
| title | Assessment of ‘Cool’ and ‘Hot’ Executive Skills in Children with ADHD: The Role of Performance Measures and Behavioral Ratings |
| title_full | Assessment of ‘Cool’ and ‘Hot’ Executive Skills in Children with ADHD: The Role of Performance Measures and Behavioral Ratings |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of ‘Cool’ and ‘Hot’ Executive Skills in Children with ADHD: The Role of Performance Measures and Behavioral Ratings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of ‘Cool’ and ‘Hot’ Executive Skills in Children with ADHD: The Role of Performance Measures and Behavioral Ratings |
| title_short | Assessment of ‘Cool’ and ‘Hot’ Executive Skills in Children with ADHD: The Role of Performance Measures and Behavioral Ratings |
| title_sort | assessment of cool and hot executive skills in children with adhd the role of performance measures and behavioral ratings |
| topic | attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder executive functions hot executive functions cool executive functions children performance-based measures |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2254-9625/12/11/116 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andreiasveloso assessmentofcoolandhotexecutiveskillsinchildrenwithadhdtheroleofperformancemeasuresandbehavioralratings AT selenegvicente assessmentofcoolandhotexecutiveskillsinchildrenwithadhdtheroleofperformancemeasuresandbehavioralratings AT marisagfilipe assessmentofcoolandhotexecutiveskillsinchildrenwithadhdtheroleofperformancemeasuresandbehavioralratings |