Insulin resistance and associated factors in female adolescents from two capital cities in the north and south of Brazil
Abstract Background It has been described that physiological changes in glucose metabolism, represented by insulin resistance (IR), are predicted during pubertal evolution, and obesity may be associated with its persistence even at the end of puberty. The aim of this study was to investigate the pre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-021-00730-8 |
| _version_ | 1818575755069620224 |
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| author | Ivanice Fernandes Barcellos Gemelli Thais Rasia Silva Edson dos Santos Farias Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto Poli Mara Spritzer |
| author_facet | Ivanice Fernandes Barcellos Gemelli Thais Rasia Silva Edson dos Santos Farias Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto Poli Mara Spritzer |
| author_sort | Ivanice Fernandes Barcellos Gemelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background It has been described that physiological changes in glucose metabolism, represented by insulin resistance (IR), are predicted during pubertal evolution, and obesity may be associated with its persistence even at the end of puberty. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of IR in female adolescents with possible associated factors and evaluate the relationship of time since menarche (< 2 vs. ≥ 2 years) in the occurrence of IR in two Brazilian capital cities: Porto Velho (RO) and Porto Alegre (RS). Methods This is a cross-sectional school-based study, using information from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks (ERICA) database for adolescents aged 12–17 years, enrolled in public and private schools, in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Brazil, between 2013 and 2014. The present study included 889 adolescents, 382 in Porto Velho (PVh) and 507 in Porto Alegre (PoA). The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥ 3.16 and fasting insulin ≥ 15 mU/L was used to determine the outcome variable of IR. Estimates of crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with confidence intervals of 95% were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Sociodemographic, behavioral, reproductive and nutritional characteristics were considered as potential confounding factors in multivariable models based on a conceptual framework of IR determination. Results In the total sample, the prevalence of IR was 22.03% (95% CI 17.84–26.89). After adjusting the models, age 15–17 years and time since menarche ≥ 2 years were found to act as protective factors for IR; in contrast, the highest probability of IR was observed in black adolescents, with increased waist circumference (WC) and overweight/obesity (Ow/Ob). The protective effect of two or more years since menarche (post-menarche) was observed for both higher HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in PVh; in PoA, such protection was maintained only for fasting insulin ≥ 15 mU/L after adjustments in the multivariate models. Conclusions IR is more prevalent during the peri-menarche period, especially in younger and black adolescents, compared to their white and post-menarche counterparts. The association between Ow/Ob and high WC with the occurrence of IR was independent of age and ethnicity variables. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:45:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f52b2b8334d2452786a6968cd22bd4a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1758-5996 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:45:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome |
| spelling | doaj.art-f52b2b8334d2452786a6968cd22bd4a22022-12-21T22:41:33ZengBMCDiabetology & Metabolic Syndrome1758-59962021-10-0113111110.1186/s13098-021-00730-8Insulin resistance and associated factors in female adolescents from two capital cities in the north and south of BrazilIvanice Fernandes Barcellos Gemelli0Thais Rasia Silva1Edson dos Santos Farias2Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto3Poli Mara Spritzer4Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS)Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS)Federal University of RondôniaFederal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS)Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS)Abstract Background It has been described that physiological changes in glucose metabolism, represented by insulin resistance (IR), are predicted during pubertal evolution, and obesity may be associated with its persistence even at the end of puberty. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of IR in female adolescents with possible associated factors and evaluate the relationship of time since menarche (< 2 vs. ≥ 2 years) in the occurrence of IR in two Brazilian capital cities: Porto Velho (RO) and Porto Alegre (RS). Methods This is a cross-sectional school-based study, using information from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks (ERICA) database for adolescents aged 12–17 years, enrolled in public and private schools, in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Brazil, between 2013 and 2014. The present study included 889 adolescents, 382 in Porto Velho (PVh) and 507 in Porto Alegre (PoA). The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥ 3.16 and fasting insulin ≥ 15 mU/L was used to determine the outcome variable of IR. Estimates of crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with confidence intervals of 95% were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Sociodemographic, behavioral, reproductive and nutritional characteristics were considered as potential confounding factors in multivariable models based on a conceptual framework of IR determination. Results In the total sample, the prevalence of IR was 22.03% (95% CI 17.84–26.89). After adjusting the models, age 15–17 years and time since menarche ≥ 2 years were found to act as protective factors for IR; in contrast, the highest probability of IR was observed in black adolescents, with increased waist circumference (WC) and overweight/obesity (Ow/Ob). The protective effect of two or more years since menarche (post-menarche) was observed for both higher HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in PVh; in PoA, such protection was maintained only for fasting insulin ≥ 15 mU/L after adjustments in the multivariate models. Conclusions IR is more prevalent during the peri-menarche period, especially in younger and black adolescents, compared to their white and post-menarche counterparts. The association between Ow/Ob and high WC with the occurrence of IR was independent of age and ethnicity variables.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-021-00730-8MenarcheInsulin resistancePubertyAdolescentObesity |
| spellingShingle | Ivanice Fernandes Barcellos Gemelli Thais Rasia Silva Edson dos Santos Farias Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto Poli Mara Spritzer Insulin resistance and associated factors in female adolescents from two capital cities in the north and south of Brazil Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome Menarche Insulin resistance Puberty Adolescent Obesity |
| title | Insulin resistance and associated factors in female adolescents from two capital cities in the north and south of Brazil |
| title_full | Insulin resistance and associated factors in female adolescents from two capital cities in the north and south of Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Insulin resistance and associated factors in female adolescents from two capital cities in the north and south of Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insulin resistance and associated factors in female adolescents from two capital cities in the north and south of Brazil |
| title_short | Insulin resistance and associated factors in female adolescents from two capital cities in the north and south of Brazil |
| title_sort | insulin resistance and associated factors in female adolescents from two capital cities in the north and south of brazil |
| topic | Menarche Insulin resistance Puberty Adolescent Obesity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-021-00730-8 |
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