Experimental test of exchange fluctuation relations in an open quantum system
Elucidating the energy transfer between a quantum system and a reservoir is a central issue in quantum nonequilibrium thermodynamics, which could provide novel tools to engineer quantum-enhanced heat engines. The lack of information on the reservoir inherently limits the practical insight that can b...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Physical Society
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Physical Review Research |
| Online Access: | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023327 |
| _version_ | 1797211441012408320 |
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| author | S. Hernández-Gómez S. Gherardini F. Poggiali F. S. Cataliotti A. Trombettoni P. Cappellaro N. Fabbri |
| author_facet | S. Hernández-Gómez S. Gherardini F. Poggiali F. S. Cataliotti A. Trombettoni P. Cappellaro N. Fabbri |
| author_sort | S. Hernández-Gómez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Elucidating the energy transfer between a quantum system and a reservoir is a central issue in quantum nonequilibrium thermodynamics, which could provide novel tools to engineer quantum-enhanced heat engines. The lack of information on the reservoir inherently limits the practical insight that can be gained on the exchange process of open quantum systems. Here we investigate the energy transfer for an open quantum system in the framework of quantum fluctuation relations. As a novel toolbox, we employ a nitrogen-vacancy center spin qubit in diamond, subject to repeated quantum projective measurements and a tunable dissipation channel. In the presence of energy fluctuations originated by dissipation and quantum projective measurements, the experimental results, supplemented by numerical simulations, show the validity of the energy exchange fluctuation relation, where the energy scale factor encodes missing reservoir information in the system out-of-equilibrium steady-state properties. This result is complemented by a theoretical argument showing that, also for an open three-level quantum system, the existence of an out-of-equilibrium steady state dictates a unique time-independent value of the energy scale factor for which the fluctuation relation is verified. Our findings pave the way to the investigation of energy exchange mechanisms in arbitrary open quantum systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:26:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f535f80eef344b5b87287c4e5c719fc1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2643-1564 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:26:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | American Physical Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physical Review Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-f535f80eef344b5b87287c4e5c719fc12024-04-12T16:55:29ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Research2643-15642020-06-012202332710.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023327Experimental test of exchange fluctuation relations in an open quantum systemS. Hernández-GómezS. GherardiniF. PoggialiF. S. CataliottiA. TrombettoniP. CappellaroN. FabbriElucidating the energy transfer between a quantum system and a reservoir is a central issue in quantum nonequilibrium thermodynamics, which could provide novel tools to engineer quantum-enhanced heat engines. The lack of information on the reservoir inherently limits the practical insight that can be gained on the exchange process of open quantum systems. Here we investigate the energy transfer for an open quantum system in the framework of quantum fluctuation relations. As a novel toolbox, we employ a nitrogen-vacancy center spin qubit in diamond, subject to repeated quantum projective measurements and a tunable dissipation channel. In the presence of energy fluctuations originated by dissipation and quantum projective measurements, the experimental results, supplemented by numerical simulations, show the validity of the energy exchange fluctuation relation, where the energy scale factor encodes missing reservoir information in the system out-of-equilibrium steady-state properties. This result is complemented by a theoretical argument showing that, also for an open three-level quantum system, the existence of an out-of-equilibrium steady state dictates a unique time-independent value of the energy scale factor for which the fluctuation relation is verified. Our findings pave the way to the investigation of energy exchange mechanisms in arbitrary open quantum systems.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023327 |
| spellingShingle | S. Hernández-Gómez S. Gherardini F. Poggiali F. S. Cataliotti A. Trombettoni P. Cappellaro N. Fabbri Experimental test of exchange fluctuation relations in an open quantum system Physical Review Research |
| title | Experimental test of exchange fluctuation relations in an open quantum system |
| title_full | Experimental test of exchange fluctuation relations in an open quantum system |
| title_fullStr | Experimental test of exchange fluctuation relations in an open quantum system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental test of exchange fluctuation relations in an open quantum system |
| title_short | Experimental test of exchange fluctuation relations in an open quantum system |
| title_sort | experimental test of exchange fluctuation relations in an open quantum system |
| url | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023327 |
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