Psychosocial health in pregnancy and postpartum among women living with - and without HIV and non-pregnant women living with HIV living in the Nordic countries – Results from a longitudinal survey study
Abstract Background The success of antiretroviral therapy has normalized pregnancy among women living with HIV (WWH) with a very low risk of perinatal transmission of HIV. Despite these advances, WWH still face complex medical and psychosocial issues during pregnancy and postpartum. The aim of this...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04357-5 |
| _version_ | 1798034691501064192 |
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| author | Ellen Moseholm Inka Aho Åsa Mellgren Gitte Pedersen Terese L. Katzenstein Isik S. Johansen Diana Bach Merete Storgaard Nina Weis |
| author_facet | Ellen Moseholm Inka Aho Åsa Mellgren Gitte Pedersen Terese L. Katzenstein Isik S. Johansen Diana Bach Merete Storgaard Nina Weis |
| author_sort | Ellen Moseholm |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The success of antiretroviral therapy has normalized pregnancy among women living with HIV (WWH) with a very low risk of perinatal transmission of HIV. Despite these advances, WWH still face complex medical and psychosocial issues during pregnancy and postpartum. The aim of this study was to assess differences in psychosocial health outcomes between pregnant WWH, non-pregnant WWH, and pregnant women without HIV, and further identify factors associated with probable depression in the third trimester and postpartum. Methods In a longitudinal survey study, participants were included from sites in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden during 2019–2020. Data was collected in the 3rd trimester, 3 and 6 months postpartum using standardized questionnaires assessing depression, perceived stress, loneliness, and social support. Mixed regression models were used to assess changes over time within and between groups. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with depression in pregnancy and postpartum. Results A total of 47 pregnant WWH, 75 non-pregnant WWH, and 147 pregnant women without HIV were included. The prevalence of depression was high among both pregnant and non-pregnant WWH. There was no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant WWH in depression scores, perceived stress scores, or social support scores at any time point. Compared to pregnant women without HIV, pregnant WWH reported worse outcomes on all psychosocial scales. Social support and loneliness were associated with an increased odds of depressive symptoms in the adjusted analysis. Conclusions A high burden of adverse psychosocial outcomes was observed in both pregnant and non-pregnant women living with HIV compared to pregnant women without HIV. Loneliness and inadequate social support were associated with increased odds of depression in pregnancy and should be a focus in future support interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:47:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f5429a9bc32e4150bcf0b2de90069e6c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2393 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:47:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5429a9bc32e4150bcf0b2de90069e6c2022-12-22T04:03:58ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932022-01-0122111410.1186/s12884-021-04357-5Psychosocial health in pregnancy and postpartum among women living with - and without HIV and non-pregnant women living with HIV living in the Nordic countries – Results from a longitudinal survey studyEllen Moseholm0Inka Aho1Åsa Mellgren2Gitte Pedersen3Terese L. Katzenstein4Isik S. Johansen5Diana Bach6Merete Storgaard7Nina Weis8Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Region Vestra Gotland, Sahlgrenska University HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Odense University HospitalDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Copenhagen University HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University HospitalAbstract Background The success of antiretroviral therapy has normalized pregnancy among women living with HIV (WWH) with a very low risk of perinatal transmission of HIV. Despite these advances, WWH still face complex medical and psychosocial issues during pregnancy and postpartum. The aim of this study was to assess differences in psychosocial health outcomes between pregnant WWH, non-pregnant WWH, and pregnant women without HIV, and further identify factors associated with probable depression in the third trimester and postpartum. Methods In a longitudinal survey study, participants were included from sites in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden during 2019–2020. Data was collected in the 3rd trimester, 3 and 6 months postpartum using standardized questionnaires assessing depression, perceived stress, loneliness, and social support. Mixed regression models were used to assess changes over time within and between groups. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with depression in pregnancy and postpartum. Results A total of 47 pregnant WWH, 75 non-pregnant WWH, and 147 pregnant women without HIV were included. The prevalence of depression was high among both pregnant and non-pregnant WWH. There was no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant WWH in depression scores, perceived stress scores, or social support scores at any time point. Compared to pregnant women without HIV, pregnant WWH reported worse outcomes on all psychosocial scales. Social support and loneliness were associated with an increased odds of depressive symptoms in the adjusted analysis. Conclusions A high burden of adverse psychosocial outcomes was observed in both pregnant and non-pregnant women living with HIV compared to pregnant women without HIV. Loneliness and inadequate social support were associated with increased odds of depression in pregnancy and should be a focus in future support interventions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04357-5Psychosocial healthdepressionpregnancypostpartumwomen with HIV2BMOM |
| spellingShingle | Ellen Moseholm Inka Aho Åsa Mellgren Gitte Pedersen Terese L. Katzenstein Isik S. Johansen Diana Bach Merete Storgaard Nina Weis Psychosocial health in pregnancy and postpartum among women living with - and without HIV and non-pregnant women living with HIV living in the Nordic countries – Results from a longitudinal survey study BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Psychosocial health depression pregnancy postpartum women with HIV 2BMOM |
| title | Psychosocial health in pregnancy and postpartum among women living with - and without HIV and non-pregnant women living with HIV living in the Nordic countries – Results from a longitudinal survey study |
| title_full | Psychosocial health in pregnancy and postpartum among women living with - and without HIV and non-pregnant women living with HIV living in the Nordic countries – Results from a longitudinal survey study |
| title_fullStr | Psychosocial health in pregnancy and postpartum among women living with - and without HIV and non-pregnant women living with HIV living in the Nordic countries – Results from a longitudinal survey study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Psychosocial health in pregnancy and postpartum among women living with - and without HIV and non-pregnant women living with HIV living in the Nordic countries – Results from a longitudinal survey study |
| title_short | Psychosocial health in pregnancy and postpartum among women living with - and without HIV and non-pregnant women living with HIV living in the Nordic countries – Results from a longitudinal survey study |
| title_sort | psychosocial health in pregnancy and postpartum among women living with and without hiv and non pregnant women living with hiv living in the nordic countries results from a longitudinal survey study |
| topic | Psychosocial health depression pregnancy postpartum women with HIV 2BMOM |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04357-5 |
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