Effects of Daytime Dry Fasting on Hydration, Glucose Metabolism and Circadian Phase: A Prospective Exploratory Cohort Study in Bahá'í Volunteers
Background: Religiously motivated Bahá'í fasting (BF) is a form of intermittent dry fasting celebrated by abstaining from food and drinks during daylight hours every year in March for 19 consecutive days.Aim: To test the safety and effects of BF on hydration, metabolism, and the circadian clock...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.662310/full |
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| author | Daniela A. Koppold-Liebscher Daniela A. Koppold-Liebscher Caroline Klatte Sarah Demmrich Julia Schwarz Farid I. Kandil Farid I. Kandil Nico Steckhan Nico Steckhan Raphaela Ring Christian S. Kessler Christian S. Kessler Michael Jeitler Michael Jeitler Barbara Koller Bharath Ananthasubramaniam Clemens Eisenmann Anja Mähler Anja Mähler Michael Boschmann Achim Kramer Andreas Michalsen Andreas Michalsen |
| author_facet | Daniela A. Koppold-Liebscher Daniela A. Koppold-Liebscher Caroline Klatte Sarah Demmrich Julia Schwarz Farid I. Kandil Farid I. Kandil Nico Steckhan Nico Steckhan Raphaela Ring Christian S. Kessler Christian S. Kessler Michael Jeitler Michael Jeitler Barbara Koller Bharath Ananthasubramaniam Clemens Eisenmann Anja Mähler Anja Mähler Michael Boschmann Achim Kramer Andreas Michalsen Andreas Michalsen |
| author_sort | Daniela A. Koppold-Liebscher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Religiously motivated Bahá'í fasting (BF) is a form of intermittent dry fasting celebrated by abstaining from food and drinks during daylight hours every year in March for 19 consecutive days.Aim: To test the safety and effects of BF on hydration, metabolism, and the circadian clock.Methods: Thirty-four healthy Bahá'í volunteers (15 women) participated in this prospective, exploratory cohort study. Laboratory examinations were carried out in four study visits: before fasting (V0), in the third week of fasting (V1) as well as 3 weeks (V3) and 3 months (V4) after fasting. Data collection included blood and urine samples, anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis. At V0 and V1, 24- and 12-hour urine and serum osmolality were measured. At V0–V2, alterations in the circadian clock phase were monitored in 16 participants. Our study was augmented by an additional survey with 144 healthy Bahá'í volunteers filling out questionnaires and with subgroups attending metabolic measurements (n = 11) and qualitative interviews (n = 13), the results of which will be published separately.Results: Exploratory data analysis revealed that serum osmolality (n = 34, p < 0.001) and 24-hour urine osmolality (n = 34, p = 0.003) decreased during daytime fasting but remained largely within the physiological range and returned to pre-fasting levels during night hours. BMI (body mass index), total body fat mass, and resting metabolic rate decreased during fasting (n = 34, p < 0.001), while body cell mass and body water appeared unchanged. The circadian phase estimated by transcript biomarkers of blood monocytes advanced by 1.1 h (n = 16, p < 0.005) during fasting and returned to pre-fasting values 3 weeks after fasting. Most observed changes were not detectable anymore 3 months after fasting.Conclusions: Results indicate that BF (Bahá'í fasting) is safe, has no negative effects on hydration, can improve fat metabolism and can cause transient phase shifts of circadian rhythms.Trial Registration:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT03443739. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T00:43:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f56556f578d54c93851911c030a316ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T00:43:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-f56556f578d54c93851911c030a316ef2022-12-21T19:59:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2021-07-01810.3389/fnut.2021.662310662310Effects of Daytime Dry Fasting on Hydration, Glucose Metabolism and Circadian Phase: A Prospective Exploratory Cohort Study in Bahá'í VolunteersDaniela A. Koppold-Liebscher0Daniela A. Koppold-Liebscher1Caroline Klatte2Sarah Demmrich3Julia Schwarz4Farid I. Kandil5Farid I. Kandil6Nico Steckhan7Nico Steckhan8Raphaela Ring9Christian S. Kessler10Christian S. Kessler11Michael Jeitler12Michael Jeitler13Barbara Koller14Bharath Ananthasubramaniam15Clemens Eisenmann16Anja Mähler17Anja Mähler18Michael Boschmann19Achim Kramer20Andreas Michalsen21Andreas Michalsen22Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Sociology, Cluster of Excellence Religion and Politics, University of Münster, Münster, GermanyDepartment of Oecotrophology, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Science, Mönchengladbach, GermanyInstitute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyConnected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, GermanyInstitute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, GermanyLaboratory of Chronobiology, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyInstitute for Theoretical Biology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Sociology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany0Experimental and Clinical Research Center—a Joint Cooperation Between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany1NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany0Experimental and Clinical Research Center—a Joint Cooperation Between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, GermanyLaboratory of Chronobiology, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, GermanyBackground: Religiously motivated Bahá'í fasting (BF) is a form of intermittent dry fasting celebrated by abstaining from food and drinks during daylight hours every year in March for 19 consecutive days.Aim: To test the safety and effects of BF on hydration, metabolism, and the circadian clock.Methods: Thirty-four healthy Bahá'í volunteers (15 women) participated in this prospective, exploratory cohort study. Laboratory examinations were carried out in four study visits: before fasting (V0), in the third week of fasting (V1) as well as 3 weeks (V3) and 3 months (V4) after fasting. Data collection included blood and urine samples, anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis. At V0 and V1, 24- and 12-hour urine and serum osmolality were measured. At V0–V2, alterations in the circadian clock phase were monitored in 16 participants. Our study was augmented by an additional survey with 144 healthy Bahá'í volunteers filling out questionnaires and with subgroups attending metabolic measurements (n = 11) and qualitative interviews (n = 13), the results of which will be published separately.Results: Exploratory data analysis revealed that serum osmolality (n = 34, p < 0.001) and 24-hour urine osmolality (n = 34, p = 0.003) decreased during daytime fasting but remained largely within the physiological range and returned to pre-fasting levels during night hours. BMI (body mass index), total body fat mass, and resting metabolic rate decreased during fasting (n = 34, p < 0.001), while body cell mass and body water appeared unchanged. The circadian phase estimated by transcript biomarkers of blood monocytes advanced by 1.1 h (n = 16, p < 0.005) during fasting and returned to pre-fasting values 3 weeks after fasting. Most observed changes were not detectable anymore 3 months after fasting.Conclusions: Results indicate that BF (Bahá'í fasting) is safe, has no negative effects on hydration, can improve fat metabolism and can cause transient phase shifts of circadian rhythms.Trial Registration:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT03443739.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.662310/fullhydrationreligiousintermittent fastingchronobiologywater deprivationtime-restricted eating |
| spellingShingle | Daniela A. Koppold-Liebscher Daniela A. Koppold-Liebscher Caroline Klatte Sarah Demmrich Julia Schwarz Farid I. Kandil Farid I. Kandil Nico Steckhan Nico Steckhan Raphaela Ring Christian S. Kessler Christian S. Kessler Michael Jeitler Michael Jeitler Barbara Koller Bharath Ananthasubramaniam Clemens Eisenmann Anja Mähler Anja Mähler Michael Boschmann Achim Kramer Andreas Michalsen Andreas Michalsen Effects of Daytime Dry Fasting on Hydration, Glucose Metabolism and Circadian Phase: A Prospective Exploratory Cohort Study in Bahá'í Volunteers Frontiers in Nutrition hydration religious intermittent fasting chronobiology water deprivation time-restricted eating |
| title | Effects of Daytime Dry Fasting on Hydration, Glucose Metabolism and Circadian Phase: A Prospective Exploratory Cohort Study in Bahá'í Volunteers |
| title_full | Effects of Daytime Dry Fasting on Hydration, Glucose Metabolism and Circadian Phase: A Prospective Exploratory Cohort Study in Bahá'í Volunteers |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Daytime Dry Fasting on Hydration, Glucose Metabolism and Circadian Phase: A Prospective Exploratory Cohort Study in Bahá'í Volunteers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Daytime Dry Fasting on Hydration, Glucose Metabolism and Circadian Phase: A Prospective Exploratory Cohort Study in Bahá'í Volunteers |
| title_short | Effects of Daytime Dry Fasting on Hydration, Glucose Metabolism and Circadian Phase: A Prospective Exploratory Cohort Study in Bahá'í Volunteers |
| title_sort | effects of daytime dry fasting on hydration glucose metabolism and circadian phase a prospective exploratory cohort study in baha i volunteers |
| topic | hydration religious intermittent fasting chronobiology water deprivation time-restricted eating |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.662310/full |
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