Pain and Psychotic-like Experiences in Young People Using Cannabis
Research has demonstrated that cannabis use is linked with a greater risk of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), particularly in young people. As many people use cannabis for the alleviation of pain, it is important to examine the impact that PLEs have on pain. This is because the current literature...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Medical Sciences Forum |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9992/4/1/38 |
| _version_ | 1797593282020114432 |
|---|---|
| author | Joanna Wilson Toby Constable Katherine Mason Laura Ferris Catherine Quinn Leanne Hides Janni Leung Molly Carlyle |
| author_facet | Joanna Wilson Toby Constable Katherine Mason Laura Ferris Catherine Quinn Leanne Hides Janni Leung Molly Carlyle |
| author_sort | Joanna Wilson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Research has demonstrated that cannabis use is linked with a greater risk of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), particularly in young people. As many people use cannabis for the alleviation of pain, it is important to examine the impact that PLEs have on pain. This is because the current literature finds that psychotic and schizophrenic disorders impact pain experience, and PLEs are subclinical positive symptoms of psychosis. There is limited research on the impact of PLEs on pain experience, particularly in cannabis users, and thus, the current study aims to address this gap in the literature. The study also examines whether childhood trauma and mental health problems contribute to the heightened risk of pain in cannabis users, and whether these relationships are moderated by PLEs. The current study was a cross-sectional design including young cannabis users aged 18–25 (<i>n</i> = 2630). Participants completed questionnaire measures of cannabis use, PLEs, self-reported pain, childhood trauma, anxiety, and depression. Logistic regression analyses revealed that young cannabis users experiencing more PLEs reported significantly higher pain. Additionally, experiencing a history of childhood trauma and depression were also found to result in higher pain in these cannabis users. Moderation analyses revealed that PLEs moderated the relationship between depression and pain; however, in contrast to our predictions, PLEs did not moderate the relationship between childhood trauma and pain. Anxiety did not significantly predict higher pain. The results of the current study have important implications for the use and legalisation of THC medically, and the social, emotional, and cognitive aspects of pain and cannabis use. We propose recommendations for mitigating the risk of PLEs associated with cannabis use in chronic pain patients who are medically prescribed THC for its analgesic effects and we include suggestions for future research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:06:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f565b4a1d9e94878ad0e1a743df9ba4d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-9992 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:06:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medical Sciences Forum |
| spelling | doaj.art-f565b4a1d9e94878ad0e1a743df9ba4d2023-11-18T11:52:25ZengMDPI AGMedical Sciences Forum2673-99922022-06-01413810.3390/ECERPH-3-09056Pain and Psychotic-like Experiences in Young People Using CannabisJoanna Wilson0Toby Constable1Katherine Mason2Laura Ferris3Catherine Quinn4Leanne Hides5Janni Leung6Molly Carlyle7School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaResearch has demonstrated that cannabis use is linked with a greater risk of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), particularly in young people. As many people use cannabis for the alleviation of pain, it is important to examine the impact that PLEs have on pain. This is because the current literature finds that psychotic and schizophrenic disorders impact pain experience, and PLEs are subclinical positive symptoms of psychosis. There is limited research on the impact of PLEs on pain experience, particularly in cannabis users, and thus, the current study aims to address this gap in the literature. The study also examines whether childhood trauma and mental health problems contribute to the heightened risk of pain in cannabis users, and whether these relationships are moderated by PLEs. The current study was a cross-sectional design including young cannabis users aged 18–25 (<i>n</i> = 2630). Participants completed questionnaire measures of cannabis use, PLEs, self-reported pain, childhood trauma, anxiety, and depression. Logistic regression analyses revealed that young cannabis users experiencing more PLEs reported significantly higher pain. Additionally, experiencing a history of childhood trauma and depression were also found to result in higher pain in these cannabis users. Moderation analyses revealed that PLEs moderated the relationship between depression and pain; however, in contrast to our predictions, PLEs did not moderate the relationship between childhood trauma and pain. Anxiety did not significantly predict higher pain. The results of the current study have important implications for the use and legalisation of THC medically, and the social, emotional, and cognitive aspects of pain and cannabis use. We propose recommendations for mitigating the risk of PLEs associated with cannabis use in chronic pain patients who are medically prescribed THC for its analgesic effects and we include suggestions for future research.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9992/4/1/38cannabispainpsychotic like experienceschildhood traumadepressionanxiety |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Wilson Toby Constable Katherine Mason Laura Ferris Catherine Quinn Leanne Hides Janni Leung Molly Carlyle Pain and Psychotic-like Experiences in Young People Using Cannabis Medical Sciences Forum cannabis pain psychotic like experiences childhood trauma depression anxiety |
| title | Pain and Psychotic-like Experiences in Young People Using Cannabis |
| title_full | Pain and Psychotic-like Experiences in Young People Using Cannabis |
| title_fullStr | Pain and Psychotic-like Experiences in Young People Using Cannabis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pain and Psychotic-like Experiences in Young People Using Cannabis |
| title_short | Pain and Psychotic-like Experiences in Young People Using Cannabis |
| title_sort | pain and psychotic like experiences in young people using cannabis |
| topic | cannabis pain psychotic like experiences childhood trauma depression anxiety |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9992/4/1/38 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT joannawilson painandpsychoticlikeexperiencesinyoungpeopleusingcannabis AT tobyconstable painandpsychoticlikeexperiencesinyoungpeopleusingcannabis AT katherinemason painandpsychoticlikeexperiencesinyoungpeopleusingcannabis AT lauraferris painandpsychoticlikeexperiencesinyoungpeopleusingcannabis AT catherinequinn painandpsychoticlikeexperiencesinyoungpeopleusingcannabis AT leannehides painandpsychoticlikeexperiencesinyoungpeopleusingcannabis AT jannileung painandpsychoticlikeexperiencesinyoungpeopleusingcannabis AT mollycarlyle painandpsychoticlikeexperiencesinyoungpeopleusingcannabis |