| Summary: | The aerial parts of <i>Salvia cinnabarina</i> afforded two undescribed labdane diterpenoids <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> (malonylcommunol and 6β-hydroxy-<i>trans</i>-communic acid) along with two known labdane diterpenoids, <i>trans</i>-communic acid (<b>3</b>) and <i>trans</i>-communol (<b>4</b>). Additionally, seven known metabolites were also isolated; two isopimarane diterpenoids <b>5</b> and <b>6</b>, two sesquiterpenoids identified as β-eudesmol (<b>7</b>) and cryptomeridiol (<b>8</b>), and three aromatic compounds identified as phthalic acid (<b>9</b>), a mixture of tyrosol fatty acid esters (<b>10</b>) and the flavone salvigenine (<b>11</b>). While compounds compounds <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> showed significant inhibition of yeast α-glucosidase, compounds <b>2</b>, <b>3</b> and <b>7</b> had no anti-inflammatory activity in the edema model induced by TPA. This paper is not only the first report on a wild population of <i>Salvia cinnabarina</i>, but also of the presence of labdane-type diterpenoids in a Mexican <i>Salvia</i> sp.
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