Contribution of Glutathione Transferases in the Selective and Light-Dependent Effect of Flumioxazin on Winter Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and Its Typical Weed Common Poppy (<i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L.)
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that catalyse modifications and conjugations of a range of organic and often cytotoxic compounds. GST enzymes with many functions—such as their conjugation activity against herbicides and their metabolites—can be induced and show light and circadian determ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/8/2053 |
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| author | Ágnes Gallé Máté Farkas Alina Pelsőczi Zalán Czékus András Kukri Zita Dorner Attila Ördög Jolán Csiszár Krisztina Bela Péter Poór |
| author_facet | Ágnes Gallé Máté Farkas Alina Pelsőczi Zalán Czékus András Kukri Zita Dorner Attila Ördög Jolán Csiszár Krisztina Bela Péter Poór |
| author_sort | Ágnes Gallé |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that catalyse modifications and conjugations of a range of organic and often cytotoxic compounds. GST enzymes with many functions—such as their conjugation activity against herbicides and their metabolites—can be induced and show light and circadian determination. The enzyme family, which is widespread in its function, also shows great diversity in its structure, which has been linked to its enzyme kinetic characteristics and physiological role at many points. In this study, we aimed to find out the role of different glutathione transferases in the herbicide responses to flumioxazin, as well as to determine how the antioxidant and detoxification response to herbicide treatment changes in the presence and absence of light. One of the herbicide treatments was carried out during the light period in the morning (9:00 a.m.), and the other before the end of the dark period (4:00 a.m.). The decrease in the maximal quantum efficiency of PS II and the reduction in the chlorophyll concentration supported the effect of the herbicide on <i>Papaver rhoeas</i>. In the guaiacol peroxidase POD and GST activity, there were large differences between the cultivated plants and the weed; both enzyme activities were much higher in the case of wheat. According to the activity of the antioxidant defence enzymes and GST gene expression data, the application of the photosynthesis inhibitor herbicide, flumioxazin, in the dark could allow the wheat antioxidant defence to switch on before the herbicide effect could appear in the light period. Phi and tau group GSTs were transcriptionally upregulated by the treatments in wheat plants (especially <i>TaGSTU1B</i>), while fewer changes were detectable in poppy weed (<i>PrGSTU4</i>). Based on our results, in the background of the greater and more successful response to flumioxazin may be—among other things—the higher degree of variability of the GSTU genes of wheat compared to poppies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:13:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f56831ffd6ee4d6fa64fe83180c51022 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:13:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-f56831ffd6ee4d6fa64fe83180c510222023-11-18T23:54:24ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-08-01138205310.3390/agronomy13082053Contribution of Glutathione Transferases in the Selective and Light-Dependent Effect of Flumioxazin on Winter Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and Its Typical Weed Common Poppy (<i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L.)Ágnes Gallé0Máté Farkas1Alina Pelsőczi2Zalán Czékus3András Kukri4Zita Dorner5Attila Ördög6Jolán Csiszár7Krisztina Bela8Péter Poór9Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Integrated Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, HungaryGlutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that catalyse modifications and conjugations of a range of organic and often cytotoxic compounds. GST enzymes with many functions—such as their conjugation activity against herbicides and their metabolites—can be induced and show light and circadian determination. The enzyme family, which is widespread in its function, also shows great diversity in its structure, which has been linked to its enzyme kinetic characteristics and physiological role at many points. In this study, we aimed to find out the role of different glutathione transferases in the herbicide responses to flumioxazin, as well as to determine how the antioxidant and detoxification response to herbicide treatment changes in the presence and absence of light. One of the herbicide treatments was carried out during the light period in the morning (9:00 a.m.), and the other before the end of the dark period (4:00 a.m.). The decrease in the maximal quantum efficiency of PS II and the reduction in the chlorophyll concentration supported the effect of the herbicide on <i>Papaver rhoeas</i>. In the guaiacol peroxidase POD and GST activity, there were large differences between the cultivated plants and the weed; both enzyme activities were much higher in the case of wheat. According to the activity of the antioxidant defence enzymes and GST gene expression data, the application of the photosynthesis inhibitor herbicide, flumioxazin, in the dark could allow the wheat antioxidant defence to switch on before the herbicide effect could appear in the light period. Phi and tau group GSTs were transcriptionally upregulated by the treatments in wheat plants (especially <i>TaGSTU1B</i>), while fewer changes were detectable in poppy weed (<i>PrGSTU4</i>). Based on our results, in the background of the greater and more successful response to flumioxazin may be—among other things—the higher degree of variability of the GSTU genes of wheat compared to poppies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/8/2053flumioxazinglutathione transferaseslight<i>Papaver rhoeas</i><i>Triticum aestivum</i> |
| spellingShingle | Ágnes Gallé Máté Farkas Alina Pelsőczi Zalán Czékus András Kukri Zita Dorner Attila Ördög Jolán Csiszár Krisztina Bela Péter Poór Contribution of Glutathione Transferases in the Selective and Light-Dependent Effect of Flumioxazin on Winter Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and Its Typical Weed Common Poppy (<i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L.) Agronomy flumioxazin glutathione transferases light <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> <i>Triticum aestivum</i> |
| title | Contribution of Glutathione Transferases in the Selective and Light-Dependent Effect of Flumioxazin on Winter Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and Its Typical Weed Common Poppy (<i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L.) |
| title_full | Contribution of Glutathione Transferases in the Selective and Light-Dependent Effect of Flumioxazin on Winter Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and Its Typical Weed Common Poppy (<i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Contribution of Glutathione Transferases in the Selective and Light-Dependent Effect of Flumioxazin on Winter Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and Its Typical Weed Common Poppy (<i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contribution of Glutathione Transferases in the Selective and Light-Dependent Effect of Flumioxazin on Winter Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and Its Typical Weed Common Poppy (<i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L.) |
| title_short | Contribution of Glutathione Transferases in the Selective and Light-Dependent Effect of Flumioxazin on Winter Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and Its Typical Weed Common Poppy (<i>Papaver rhoeas</i> L.) |
| title_sort | contribution of glutathione transferases in the selective and light dependent effect of flumioxazin on winter wheat i triticum aestivum i l and its typical weed common poppy i papaver rhoeas i l |
| topic | flumioxazin glutathione transferases light <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> <i>Triticum aestivum</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/8/2053 |
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