Evaluation of Different Brown Seaweeds as Feed and Feed Additives Regarding Rumen Fermentation and Methane Mitigation
This study investigated the impacts of different brown seaweed species—<i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i>, <i>Sargassum fulvellum, Ecklonia maxima</i>, <i>Lessonia flavicans</i>, <i>Lessonia nigrescens</i>, and <i>Laminaria japonica</i>—on rumen fe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Fermentation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/10/504 |
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| author | Eslam Ahmed Belgutei Batbekh Naoki Fukuma Masaaki Hanada Takehiro Nishida |
| author_facet | Eslam Ahmed Belgutei Batbekh Naoki Fukuma Masaaki Hanada Takehiro Nishida |
| author_sort | Eslam Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the impacts of different brown seaweed species—<i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i>, <i>Sargassum fulvellum, Ecklonia maxima</i>, <i>Lessonia flavicans</i>, <i>Lessonia nigrescens</i>, and <i>Laminaria japonica</i>—on rumen fermentation and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) mitigation. The current in vitro batch culture study for 24 h at 39 °C evaluated these species in two experimental designs: as feed additive and as feed. The control group for both experimental designs was composed of 500 mg of basal diet (50% grass hay/50% concentrate). For the feed additives experimental design, each seaweed species was evaluated when it was added at 20% of the basal diet, while as a feed, the inclusion level of each species was 20% to partially replace the concentrate in the basal diet as follows (50% hay/30% concentrate/20% seaweed). Chemical analyses showed that the seaweeds were characterized by a high fiber content and high amounts of minerals such as calcium, potassium, and phosphorus, while the protein content ranged within 7 and 13%. When they were applied as feed additives, they increased the production of volatile fatty acids, with <i>L</i>. <i>japonica</i> being the most effective; however, they failed to suppress CH<sub>4</sub> production. In contrast, their inclusion as a feed in the basal diet led to a significant reduction (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in CH<sub>4</sub>, especially for <i>E</i>. <i>maxima</i> and <i>L</i>. <i>japonica</i>, by up to 18 and 21%, respectively, but this was associated with general inhibition of the rumen fermentation. Therefore, the tested seaweeds could be used as a source of minerals and as a feed additive to improve rumen fermentation, but without anti-methanogenic potential. Meanwhile, their inclusion as feed at 20% could reduce CH<sub>4</sub> production with an adverse effect on fermentation. Thus, further trials are needed to identify the appropriate inclusion level to achieve effective CH<sub>4</sub> reduction without any detrimental effects on rumen fermentation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:20:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f56a96ff3e79442b92c2aee443932b83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:20:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj.art-f56a96ff3e79442b92c2aee443932b832023-11-30T22:41:59ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372022-09-0181050410.3390/fermentation8100504Evaluation of Different Brown Seaweeds as Feed and Feed Additives Regarding Rumen Fermentation and Methane MitigationEslam Ahmed0Belgutei Batbekh1Naoki Fukuma2Masaaki Hanada3Takehiro Nishida4Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, JapanGraduate School of Animal Husbandry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, JapanDepartment of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, JapanDepartment of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, JapanDepartment of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, JapanThis study investigated the impacts of different brown seaweed species—<i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i>, <i>Sargassum fulvellum, Ecklonia maxima</i>, <i>Lessonia flavicans</i>, <i>Lessonia nigrescens</i>, and <i>Laminaria japonica</i>—on rumen fermentation and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) mitigation. The current in vitro batch culture study for 24 h at 39 °C evaluated these species in two experimental designs: as feed additive and as feed. The control group for both experimental designs was composed of 500 mg of basal diet (50% grass hay/50% concentrate). For the feed additives experimental design, each seaweed species was evaluated when it was added at 20% of the basal diet, while as a feed, the inclusion level of each species was 20% to partially replace the concentrate in the basal diet as follows (50% hay/30% concentrate/20% seaweed). Chemical analyses showed that the seaweeds were characterized by a high fiber content and high amounts of minerals such as calcium, potassium, and phosphorus, while the protein content ranged within 7 and 13%. When they were applied as feed additives, they increased the production of volatile fatty acids, with <i>L</i>. <i>japonica</i> being the most effective; however, they failed to suppress CH<sub>4</sub> production. In contrast, their inclusion as a feed in the basal diet led to a significant reduction (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in CH<sub>4</sub>, especially for <i>E</i>. <i>maxima</i> and <i>L</i>. <i>japonica</i>, by up to 18 and 21%, respectively, but this was associated with general inhibition of the rumen fermentation. Therefore, the tested seaweeds could be used as a source of minerals and as a feed additive to improve rumen fermentation, but without anti-methanogenic potential. Meanwhile, their inclusion as feed at 20% could reduce CH<sub>4</sub> production with an adverse effect on fermentation. Thus, further trials are needed to identify the appropriate inclusion level to achieve effective CH<sub>4</sub> reduction without any detrimental effects on rumen fermentation.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/10/504alternative feedglobal warmingdietary manipulationdigestibilitymacroalgaesustainability |
| spellingShingle | Eslam Ahmed Belgutei Batbekh Naoki Fukuma Masaaki Hanada Takehiro Nishida Evaluation of Different Brown Seaweeds as Feed and Feed Additives Regarding Rumen Fermentation and Methane Mitigation Fermentation alternative feed global warming dietary manipulation digestibility macroalgae sustainability |
| title | Evaluation of Different Brown Seaweeds as Feed and Feed Additives Regarding Rumen Fermentation and Methane Mitigation |
| title_full | Evaluation of Different Brown Seaweeds as Feed and Feed Additives Regarding Rumen Fermentation and Methane Mitigation |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Different Brown Seaweeds as Feed and Feed Additives Regarding Rumen Fermentation and Methane Mitigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Different Brown Seaweeds as Feed and Feed Additives Regarding Rumen Fermentation and Methane Mitigation |
| title_short | Evaluation of Different Brown Seaweeds as Feed and Feed Additives Regarding Rumen Fermentation and Methane Mitigation |
| title_sort | evaluation of different brown seaweeds as feed and feed additives regarding rumen fermentation and methane mitigation |
| topic | alternative feed global warming dietary manipulation digestibility macroalgae sustainability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/10/504 |
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