| Summary: | A human tail complicated by Crouzon syndrome is extremely rare, with only eight reported cases of human tails associated with Crouzon syndrome. A human tail is defined as a true human tail or a pseudo-human tail according to the presence or absence of the bone tissue. A 4-year-old boy had a true caudal sacral protrusion from birth and was also diagnosed with Crouzon syndrome. There were no neurological symptoms or vesico-rectal disturbances. The patient underwent a human tail resection at 4 years and 7 months. The postoperative course was uneventful, and there was no recurrence at 6 months postoperatively.
Some reports suggested that Crouzon syndrome and the human tail are associated with FGFR2 gene mutation, but the details are currently unknown. Further genetic searches for cases of the combined human tail and Crouzon syndrome in the future are likely to reveal further associations.
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