Studying Heterotypic Cell–Cell Interactions in the Human Brain Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Neurodegeneration
Human cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide novel tools for recapitulating the cytoarchitecture of the human brain and for studying biological mechanisms of neurological disorders. However, the heterotypic interactions of neurovascular units, composed of neur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/4/299 |
| _version_ | 1827834454472654848 |
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| author | Liqing Song Yuanwei Yan Mark Marzano Yan Li |
| author_facet | Liqing Song Yuanwei Yan Mark Marzano Yan Li |
| author_sort | Liqing Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide novel tools for recapitulating the cytoarchitecture of the human brain and for studying biological mechanisms of neurological disorders. However, the heterotypic interactions of neurovascular units, composed of neurons, pericytes (i.e., the tissue resident mesenchymal stromal cells), astrocytes, and brain microvascular endothelial cells, in brain-like tissues are less investigated. In addition, most cortical organoids lack a microglia component, the resident immune cells in the brain. Impairment of the blood-brain barrier caused by improper crosstalk between neural cells and vascular cells is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with a phenotype overlapping with pericytes, have promotion effects on neurogenesis and angiogenesis, which are mainly attributed to secreted growth factors and extracellular matrices. As the innate macrophages of the central nervous system, microglia regulate neuronal activities and promote neuronal differentiation by secreting neurotrophic factors and pro-/anti-inflammatory molecules. Neuronal-microglia interactions mediated by chemokines signaling can be modulated in vitro for recapitulating microglial activities during neurodegenerative disease progression. In this review, we discussed the cellular interactions and the physiological roles of neural cells with other cell types including endothelial cells and microglia based on iPSC models. The therapeutic roles of MSCs in treating neural degeneration and pathological roles of microglia in neurodegenerative disease progression were also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:51:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f57433a830c94bc09f59d127f6a6915a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:51:03Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-f57433a830c94bc09f59d127f6a6915a2023-09-03T05:11:11ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092019-04-018429910.3390/cells8040299cells8040299Studying Heterotypic Cell–Cell Interactions in the Human Brain Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for NeurodegenerationLiqing Song0Yuanwei Yan1Mark Marzano2Yan Li3Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USADepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USADepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USADepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USAHuman cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide novel tools for recapitulating the cytoarchitecture of the human brain and for studying biological mechanisms of neurological disorders. However, the heterotypic interactions of neurovascular units, composed of neurons, pericytes (i.e., the tissue resident mesenchymal stromal cells), astrocytes, and brain microvascular endothelial cells, in brain-like tissues are less investigated. In addition, most cortical organoids lack a microglia component, the resident immune cells in the brain. Impairment of the blood-brain barrier caused by improper crosstalk between neural cells and vascular cells is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with a phenotype overlapping with pericytes, have promotion effects on neurogenesis and angiogenesis, which are mainly attributed to secreted growth factors and extracellular matrices. As the innate macrophages of the central nervous system, microglia regulate neuronal activities and promote neuronal differentiation by secreting neurotrophic factors and pro-/anti-inflammatory molecules. Neuronal-microglia interactions mediated by chemokines signaling can be modulated in vitro for recapitulating microglial activities during neurodegenerative disease progression. In this review, we discussed the cellular interactions and the physiological roles of neural cells with other cell types including endothelial cells and microglia based on iPSC models. The therapeutic roles of MSCs in treating neural degeneration and pathological roles of microglia in neurodegenerative disease progression were also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/4/299pluripotent stem cellsheterotypicmicrogliaendothelialneural-vascular interactionsmesenchymal stem cells |
| spellingShingle | Liqing Song Yuanwei Yan Mark Marzano Yan Li Studying Heterotypic Cell–Cell Interactions in the Human Brain Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Neurodegeneration Cells pluripotent stem cells heterotypic microglia endothelial neural-vascular interactions mesenchymal stem cells |
| title | Studying Heterotypic Cell–Cell Interactions in the Human Brain Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Neurodegeneration |
| title_full | Studying Heterotypic Cell–Cell Interactions in the Human Brain Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Neurodegeneration |
| title_fullStr | Studying Heterotypic Cell–Cell Interactions in the Human Brain Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Neurodegeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Studying Heterotypic Cell–Cell Interactions in the Human Brain Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Neurodegeneration |
| title_short | Studying Heterotypic Cell–Cell Interactions in the Human Brain Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Neurodegeneration |
| title_sort | studying heterotypic cell cell interactions in the human brain using pluripotent stem cell models for neurodegeneration |
| topic | pluripotent stem cells heterotypic microglia endothelial neural-vascular interactions mesenchymal stem cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/4/299 |
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