Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue Engineering
This study introduces a new synthesis route for obtaining homogeneous chitosan (CS)-silica hybrid aerogels with CS contents up to 10 wt%, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as coupling agent, for tissue engineering applications. Aerogels were obtained using the sol-gel process followed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/11/2723 |
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| author | María V. Reyes-Peces A. Pérez-Moreno Deseada María de-los-Santos María del Mar Mesa-Díaz Gonzalo Pinaglia-Tobaruela Jose Ignacio Vilches-Pérez Rafael Fernández-Montesinos Mercedes Salido Nicolás de la Rosa-Fox Manuel Piñero |
| author_facet | María V. Reyes-Peces A. Pérez-Moreno Deseada María de-los-Santos María del Mar Mesa-Díaz Gonzalo Pinaglia-Tobaruela Jose Ignacio Vilches-Pérez Rafael Fernández-Montesinos Mercedes Salido Nicolás de la Rosa-Fox Manuel Piñero |
| author_sort | María V. Reyes-Peces |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study introduces a new synthesis route for obtaining homogeneous chitosan (CS)-silica hybrid aerogels with CS contents up to 10 wt%, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as coupling agent, for tissue engineering applications. Aerogels were obtained using the sol-gel process followed by CO<sub>2</sub> supercritical drying, resulting in samples with bulk densities ranging from 0.17 g/cm<sup>3</sup> to 0.38 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The textural analysis by N<sub>2</sub>-physisorption revealed an interconnected mesopore network with decreasing specific surface areas (1230–700 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and pore sizes (11.1–8.7 nm) by increasing GPTMS content (2–4 molar ratio GPTMS:CS monomer). In addition, samples exhibited extremely fast swelling by spontaneous capillary imbibition in PBS solution, presenting swelling capacities from 1.75 to 3.75. The formation of a covalent crosslinked hybrid structure was suggested by FTIR and confirmed by an increase of four hundred fold or more in the compressive strength up to 96 MPa. Instead, samples synthesized without GPTMS fractured at only 0.10–0.26 MPa, revealing a week structure consisted in interpenetrated polymer networks. The aerogels presented bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), as confirmed by the in vitro formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer with crystal size of approximately 2 µm size in diameter. In vitro studies revealed also non cytotoxic effect on HOB<sup>®</sup> osteoblasts and also a mechanosensitive response. Additionally, control cells grown on glass developed scarce or no stress fibers, while cells grown on hybrid samples showed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in well-developed stress fibers and mature focal adhesion complexes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:48:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f57acf04fb1c472baf470fd4f3014739 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:48:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-f57acf04fb1c472baf470fd4f30147392023-11-20T21:16:14ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-11-011211272310.3390/polym12112723Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue EngineeringMaría V. Reyes-Peces0A. Pérez-Moreno1Deseada María de-los-Santos2María del Mar Mesa-Díaz3Gonzalo Pinaglia-Tobaruela4Jose Ignacio Vilches-Pérez5Rafael Fernández-Montesinos6Mercedes Salido7Nicolás de la Rosa-Fox8Manuel Piñero9Department of Condensed Matter Physics 1, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, SpainDepartment of Condensed Matter Physics 1, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, SpainDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science University of Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, SpainInstituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, SpainInstituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, SpainInstituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, SpainInstituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, SpainDepartment of Condensed Matter Physics 1, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, SpainDepartment of Condensed Matter Physics 1, Faculty of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, SpainThis study introduces a new synthesis route for obtaining homogeneous chitosan (CS)-silica hybrid aerogels with CS contents up to 10 wt%, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as coupling agent, for tissue engineering applications. Aerogels were obtained using the sol-gel process followed by CO<sub>2</sub> supercritical drying, resulting in samples with bulk densities ranging from 0.17 g/cm<sup>3</sup> to 0.38 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The textural analysis by N<sub>2</sub>-physisorption revealed an interconnected mesopore network with decreasing specific surface areas (1230–700 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and pore sizes (11.1–8.7 nm) by increasing GPTMS content (2–4 molar ratio GPTMS:CS monomer). In addition, samples exhibited extremely fast swelling by spontaneous capillary imbibition in PBS solution, presenting swelling capacities from 1.75 to 3.75. The formation of a covalent crosslinked hybrid structure was suggested by FTIR and confirmed by an increase of four hundred fold or more in the compressive strength up to 96 MPa. Instead, samples synthesized without GPTMS fractured at only 0.10–0.26 MPa, revealing a week structure consisted in interpenetrated polymer networks. The aerogels presented bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), as confirmed by the in vitro formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer with crystal size of approximately 2 µm size in diameter. In vitro studies revealed also non cytotoxic effect on HOB<sup>®</sup> osteoblasts and also a mechanosensitive response. Additionally, control cells grown on glass developed scarce or no stress fibers, while cells grown on hybrid samples showed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in well-developed stress fibers and mature focal adhesion complexes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/11/2723hybrid silica aerogelschitosanGPTMStextural propertiesmechanical propertiesswelling properties |
| spellingShingle | María V. Reyes-Peces A. Pérez-Moreno Deseada María de-los-Santos María del Mar Mesa-Díaz Gonzalo Pinaglia-Tobaruela Jose Ignacio Vilches-Pérez Rafael Fernández-Montesinos Mercedes Salido Nicolás de la Rosa-Fox Manuel Piñero Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue Engineering Polymers hybrid silica aerogels chitosan GPTMS textural properties mechanical properties swelling properties |
| title | Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue Engineering |
| title_full | Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue Engineering |
| title_fullStr | Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue Engineering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue Engineering |
| title_short | Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue Engineering |
| title_sort | chitosan gptms silica hybrid mesoporous aerogels for bone tissue engineering |
| topic | hybrid silica aerogels chitosan GPTMS textural properties mechanical properties swelling properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/11/2723 |
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