Significance of the Gut Microbiome for Viral Diarrheal and Extra-Intestinal Diseases
The composition of the mammalian gut microbiome is very important for the health and disease of the host. Significant correlations of particular gut microbiota with host immune responsiveness and various infectious and noninfectious host conditions, such as chronic enteric infections, type 2 diabete...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1601 |
| _version_ | 1797521830501679104 |
|---|---|
| author | Ulrich Desselberger |
| author_facet | Ulrich Desselberger |
| author_sort | Ulrich Desselberger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The composition of the mammalian gut microbiome is very important for the health and disease of the host. Significant correlations of particular gut microbiota with host immune responsiveness and various infectious and noninfectious host conditions, such as chronic enteric infections, type 2 diabetes, obesity, asthma, and neurological diseases, have been uncovered. Recently, research has moved on to exploring the causalities of such relationships. The metabolites of gut microbiota and those of the host are considered in a ‘holobiontic’ way. It turns out that the host’s diet is a major determinant of the composition of the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Animal models of bacterial and viral intestinal infections have been developed to explore the interrelationships of diet, gut microbiome, and health/disease phenotypes of the host. Dietary fibers can act as prebiotics, and certain bacterial species support the host’s wellbeing as probiotics. In cases of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>-associated antibiotic-resistant chronic diarrhea, transplantation of fecal microbiomes has sometimes cured the disease. Future research will concentrate on the definition of microbial/host/diet interrelationships which will inform rationales for improving host conditions, in particular in relation to optimization of immune responses to childhood vaccines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:18:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f5858879618e40fdb5cb28500c370f11 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:18:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5858879618e40fdb5cb28500c370f112023-11-22T10:11:56ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-08-01138160110.3390/v13081601Significance of the Gut Microbiome for Viral Diarrheal and Extra-Intestinal DiseasesUlrich Desselberger0Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKThe composition of the mammalian gut microbiome is very important for the health and disease of the host. Significant correlations of particular gut microbiota with host immune responsiveness and various infectious and noninfectious host conditions, such as chronic enteric infections, type 2 diabetes, obesity, asthma, and neurological diseases, have been uncovered. Recently, research has moved on to exploring the causalities of such relationships. The metabolites of gut microbiota and those of the host are considered in a ‘holobiontic’ way. It turns out that the host’s diet is a major determinant of the composition of the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Animal models of bacterial and viral intestinal infections have been developed to explore the interrelationships of diet, gut microbiome, and health/disease phenotypes of the host. Dietary fibers can act as prebiotics, and certain bacterial species support the host’s wellbeing as probiotics. In cases of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>-associated antibiotic-resistant chronic diarrhea, transplantation of fecal microbiomes has sometimes cured the disease. Future research will concentrate on the definition of microbial/host/diet interrelationships which will inform rationales for improving host conditions, in particular in relation to optimization of immune responses to childhood vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1601gut microbiomemicrobiome–host relationshipantiviral immune responsesgut diseasenoninfectious diseasemicrobial metabolites |
| spellingShingle | Ulrich Desselberger Significance of the Gut Microbiome for Viral Diarrheal and Extra-Intestinal Diseases Viruses gut microbiome microbiome–host relationship antiviral immune responses gut disease noninfectious disease microbial metabolites |
| title | Significance of the Gut Microbiome for Viral Diarrheal and Extra-Intestinal Diseases |
| title_full | Significance of the Gut Microbiome for Viral Diarrheal and Extra-Intestinal Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Significance of the Gut Microbiome for Viral Diarrheal and Extra-Intestinal Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Significance of the Gut Microbiome for Viral Diarrheal and Extra-Intestinal Diseases |
| title_short | Significance of the Gut Microbiome for Viral Diarrheal and Extra-Intestinal Diseases |
| title_sort | significance of the gut microbiome for viral diarrheal and extra intestinal diseases |
| topic | gut microbiome microbiome–host relationship antiviral immune responses gut disease noninfectious disease microbial metabolites |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1601 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ulrichdesselberger significanceofthegutmicrobiomeforviraldiarrhealandextraintestinaldiseases |