| Summary: | A taxonomic review of the Nepticulidae of Armenia is provided for the first time. Currently, the previously little-known fauna of the pygmy moths of Armenia consists of eight genera and 31 species, including seven new species described and illustrated in the current paper as follows: <i>Stigmella armi</i> Stonis, Dobrynina & Remeikis, sp. nov.; <i>Stigmella garnica</i> Stonis, Dobrynina & Remeikis, sp. nov.; <i>Stigmella inopinoides</i> Dobrynina, sp. nov.; <i>Stigmella magicis</i> Stonis & Dobrynina, sp. nov.; <i>Stigmella ararati</i> Stonis, Dobrynina & Remeikis, sp. nov.; <i>Trifurcula vardenisi</i> Stonis, Dobrynina & Remeikis, sp. nov.; and <i>Etainia caucasi</i> Remeikis, sp. nov. The most common Nepticulidae species in Armenia, <i>Stigmella muricatella</i> (Klimesch), still remains a taxonomic puzzle. However, the molecular sequences of the Armenian specimens and a specimen of <i>S. muricatella</i> from Greece were found to be similar, though clearly distinct from the widespread <i>S. rolandi</i> van Nieukerken due to numerous hypothetical mutational steps. Mitotype analysis revealed that the <i>Ectoedemia</i> specimens collected in Armenia do not belong to the expected widespread <i>E. spinosella</i> (Joannis) but are more similar to the less-known <i>E. mahalebella</i> (Klimesch). Moreover, some specimens from Armenia identified by us as <i>Simplimorpha promissa</i> (Staudinger) and <i>Ectoedemia</i> (<i>Zimmermannia</i>) <i>longicaudella</i> Klimesch may actually represent possible cryptic taxa, allopatric subspecies or species. However, from a practical point of view, the description of such difficult-to-diagnose taxa is inappropriate. Thus, we have refrained from describing such new taxa based solely on observed molecular differences.
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