Changing Pattern of Mortality in First and Second COVID-19 Waves: A Comparative Study From Kerala, India
Background and aims: India has seen a two-wave pattern of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. The comparative characteristics of these two waves remain largely unknown. Changing trends in the demographic and clinical characteristics of the deceased COVID-19 patients in these two waves he...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
2022-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Epidemiologic Research |
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| Online Access: | http://ijer.skums.ac.ir/article_252351_fca91f49892f282b54abb3d90853da2b.pdf |
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| author | Manu Mathews Ramesan K Harikrishnan Mohan Simi Kurian Farha Ahmed Karlath Binoo Divakaran Balakrishnan Valliot Sudeep K |
| author_facet | Manu Mathews Ramesan K Harikrishnan Mohan Simi Kurian Farha Ahmed Karlath Binoo Divakaran Balakrishnan Valliot Sudeep K |
| author_sort | Manu Mathews |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and aims: India has seen a two-wave pattern of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. The comparative characteristics of these two waves remain largely unknown. Changing trends in the demographic and clinical characteristics of the deceased COVID-19 patients in these two waves helped to identify the vulnerable population and guide public health interventions to decrease mortality. Methods: We obtained COVID-19 death summaries from the medical records of a large tertiary healthcare centre in North Kerala, India. Two groups of COVID-19 deaths were selected: the first group included patients who died in the first wave between 1 July 2020 and 31 December 2020 (n = 311), and the second group included those who died in the second wave between 1 March 2021 and 30 June 2021 (n = 431). Results: The mortality in the second wave in young patients (≤50 years) was 2.2% higher (11.8% vs. 9.6%, P = 0.346) and that in elderly patients (≥80 years) was 7.7% higher (19.95% vs. 12.2%, P = 0.005) compared to the first wave. The average duration from symptom onset to death also significantly decreased in the second wave. Further, there was an increased proportion of COVID-19-related deaths in patients with diabetes in the second wave (59.3% vs. 51.7%, P = 0.025). The main cause of death was respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia in both waves. Conclusion: The second COVID-19 wave was different from the first wave with more deaths in the young and elderly, a shorter duration from symptom onset to death, and an increase in the proportion of deaths with diabetes, maternal deaths, and deaths in those without any pre-existing comorbidities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T17:11:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f58d80e663f24272a644b6e9d00f3c6d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2383-4366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T17:11:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Epidemiologic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-f58d80e663f24272a644b6e9d00f3c6d2022-12-22T00:17:53ZengShahrekord University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Epidemiologic Research2383-43662022-05-0192697410.34172/ijer.2022.12252351Changing Pattern of Mortality in First and Second COVID-19 Waves: A Comparative Study From Kerala, IndiaManu Mathews0Ramesan K1Harikrishnan Mohan2Simi Kurian3Farha Ahmed Karlath4Binoo Divakaran5Balakrishnan Valliot6Sudeep K7Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Medicine, Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Medicine, Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Medicine, Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Medicine, Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Medicine, Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, IndiaBackground and aims: India has seen a two-wave pattern of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. The comparative characteristics of these two waves remain largely unknown. Changing trends in the demographic and clinical characteristics of the deceased COVID-19 patients in these two waves helped to identify the vulnerable population and guide public health interventions to decrease mortality. Methods: We obtained COVID-19 death summaries from the medical records of a large tertiary healthcare centre in North Kerala, India. Two groups of COVID-19 deaths were selected: the first group included patients who died in the first wave between 1 July 2020 and 31 December 2020 (n = 311), and the second group included those who died in the second wave between 1 March 2021 and 30 June 2021 (n = 431). Results: The mortality in the second wave in young patients (≤50 years) was 2.2% higher (11.8% vs. 9.6%, P = 0.346) and that in elderly patients (≥80 years) was 7.7% higher (19.95% vs. 12.2%, P = 0.005) compared to the first wave. The average duration from symptom onset to death also significantly decreased in the second wave. Further, there was an increased proportion of COVID-19-related deaths in patients with diabetes in the second wave (59.3% vs. 51.7%, P = 0.025). The main cause of death was respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia in both waves. Conclusion: The second COVID-19 wave was different from the first wave with more deaths in the young and elderly, a shorter duration from symptom onset to death, and an increase in the proportion of deaths with diabetes, maternal deaths, and deaths in those without any pre-existing comorbidities.http://ijer.skums.ac.ir/article_252351_fca91f49892f282b54abb3d90853da2b.pdfcovid-19sars-cov-2pandemicmortality |
| spellingShingle | Manu Mathews Ramesan K Harikrishnan Mohan Simi Kurian Farha Ahmed Karlath Binoo Divakaran Balakrishnan Valliot Sudeep K Changing Pattern of Mortality in First and Second COVID-19 Waves: A Comparative Study From Kerala, India International Journal of Epidemiologic Research covid-19 sars-cov-2 pandemic mortality |
| title | Changing Pattern of Mortality in First and Second COVID-19 Waves: A Comparative Study From Kerala, India |
| title_full | Changing Pattern of Mortality in First and Second COVID-19 Waves: A Comparative Study From Kerala, India |
| title_fullStr | Changing Pattern of Mortality in First and Second COVID-19 Waves: A Comparative Study From Kerala, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changing Pattern of Mortality in First and Second COVID-19 Waves: A Comparative Study From Kerala, India |
| title_short | Changing Pattern of Mortality in First and Second COVID-19 Waves: A Comparative Study From Kerala, India |
| title_sort | changing pattern of mortality in first and second covid 19 waves a comparative study from kerala india |
| topic | covid-19 sars-cov-2 pandemic mortality |
| url | http://ijer.skums.ac.ir/article_252351_fca91f49892f282b54abb3d90853da2b.pdf |
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