A Blockchain-Based Framework to Make the Rice Crop Supply Chain Transparent and Reliable in Agriculture
Rice is one of the major food crops across the globe, and its quality and safety highly influence human health. It is the basis of many different products, including rice flour, rice bread, noodles, rice vinegar, and others. Therefore, the rice supply chain has garnered increasing attention due to t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/9/476 |
| _version_ | 1797576583171538944 |
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| author | Muhammad Shoaib Farooq Shamyla Riaz Ibtesam Ur Rehman Muhammad Asad Khan Bilal Hassan |
| author_facet | Muhammad Shoaib Farooq Shamyla Riaz Ibtesam Ur Rehman Muhammad Asad Khan Bilal Hassan |
| author_sort | Muhammad Shoaib Farooq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rice is one of the major food crops across the globe, and its quality and safety highly influence human health. It is the basis of many different products, including rice flour, rice bread, noodles, rice vinegar, and others. Therefore, the rice supply chain has garnered increasing attention due to the high demand for food safety. Furthermore, malpractices in the rice supply chain can impact farmers by generating low revenues despite their great efforts in rice cultivation. In addition, they would cause governments to suffer significant economic losses due to the high cost of importing rice crops from other countries during the off-season. These issues derive from the lack of reliability, trust, transparency, traceability, and security in the rice supply chain. In this research, we propose a secure, trusted, reliable, and transparent framework based on a Blockchain for rice crop supply chain’s traceability from farm to fork. A new crypto token, the Rice Coin (RC), is introduced to keep a record of all transactions between the stakeholders of the rice supply chain. Moreover, the proposed framework includes an economic model and a crypto wallet and introduces an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) for the RC. Based on smart contracts, a transaction processing system was developed for the transparency and traceability of rice crops, including the conversion of the RC to fiat currency. Furthermore, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is proposed in this research to store encrypted data of companies, retailers, and farmers, so to increase data security, transparency, and availability. In the end, the experimental results showed a better performance of the proposed framework compared to already available supply chain solutions in terms of transaction verification time, transaction average gas cost, and new block latency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:55:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f5952cdfe7254081bcf9fa19c041d38a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-8954 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:55:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5952cdfe7254081bcf9fa19c041d38a2023-11-19T13:13:30ZengMDPI AGSystems2079-89542023-09-0111947610.3390/systems11090476A Blockchain-Based Framework to Make the Rice Crop Supply Chain Transparent and Reliable in AgricultureMuhammad Shoaib Farooq0Shamyla Riaz1Ibtesam Ur Rehman2Muhammad Asad Khan3Bilal Hassan4Department of Computer Science, School of System and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Computer Science, School of System and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Computer Science, School of System and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Computer Science, School of System and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54000, PakistanFaculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University UK London Campus, London E1 7HT, UKRice is one of the major food crops across the globe, and its quality and safety highly influence human health. It is the basis of many different products, including rice flour, rice bread, noodles, rice vinegar, and others. Therefore, the rice supply chain has garnered increasing attention due to the high demand for food safety. Furthermore, malpractices in the rice supply chain can impact farmers by generating low revenues despite their great efforts in rice cultivation. In addition, they would cause governments to suffer significant economic losses due to the high cost of importing rice crops from other countries during the off-season. These issues derive from the lack of reliability, trust, transparency, traceability, and security in the rice supply chain. In this research, we propose a secure, trusted, reliable, and transparent framework based on a Blockchain for rice crop supply chain’s traceability from farm to fork. A new crypto token, the Rice Coin (RC), is introduced to keep a record of all transactions between the stakeholders of the rice supply chain. Moreover, the proposed framework includes an economic model and a crypto wallet and introduces an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) for the RC. Based on smart contracts, a transaction processing system was developed for the transparency and traceability of rice crops, including the conversion of the RC to fiat currency. Furthermore, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is proposed in this research to store encrypted data of companies, retailers, and farmers, so to increase data security, transparency, and availability. In the end, the experimental results showed a better performance of the proposed framework compared to already available supply chain solutions in terms of transaction verification time, transaction average gas cost, and new block latency.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/9/476blockchainsupply chainsmart contractrice croptraceability and transparencyfood safety |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Shoaib Farooq Shamyla Riaz Ibtesam Ur Rehman Muhammad Asad Khan Bilal Hassan A Blockchain-Based Framework to Make the Rice Crop Supply Chain Transparent and Reliable in Agriculture Systems blockchain supply chain smart contract rice crop traceability and transparency food safety |
| title | A Blockchain-Based Framework to Make the Rice Crop Supply Chain Transparent and Reliable in Agriculture |
| title_full | A Blockchain-Based Framework to Make the Rice Crop Supply Chain Transparent and Reliable in Agriculture |
| title_fullStr | A Blockchain-Based Framework to Make the Rice Crop Supply Chain Transparent and Reliable in Agriculture |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Blockchain-Based Framework to Make the Rice Crop Supply Chain Transparent and Reliable in Agriculture |
| title_short | A Blockchain-Based Framework to Make the Rice Crop Supply Chain Transparent and Reliable in Agriculture |
| title_sort | blockchain based framework to make the rice crop supply chain transparent and reliable in agriculture |
| topic | blockchain supply chain smart contract rice crop traceability and transparency food safety |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/9/476 |
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