The Development of METAL-WRF Regional Model for the Description of Dust Mineralogy in the Atmosphere
The mineralogical composition of airborne dust particles is an important but often neglected parameter for several physiochemical processes, such as atmospheric radiative transfer and ocean biochemistry. We present the development of the METAL-WRF module for the simulation of the composition of dese...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/11/1615 |
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| author | Stavros Solomos Christos Spyrou Africa Barreto Sergio Rodríguez Yenny González Marina K. A. Neophytou Petros Mouzourides Nikolaos S. Bartsotas Christina Kalogeri Slobodan Nickovic Ana Vukovic Vimic Mirjam Vujadinovic Mandic Goran Pejanovic Bojan Cvetkovic Vassilis Amiridis Olga Sykioti Antonis Gkikas Christos Zerefos |
| author_facet | Stavros Solomos Christos Spyrou Africa Barreto Sergio Rodríguez Yenny González Marina K. A. Neophytou Petros Mouzourides Nikolaos S. Bartsotas Christina Kalogeri Slobodan Nickovic Ana Vukovic Vimic Mirjam Vujadinovic Mandic Goran Pejanovic Bojan Cvetkovic Vassilis Amiridis Olga Sykioti Antonis Gkikas Christos Zerefos |
| author_sort | Stavros Solomos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mineralogical composition of airborne dust particles is an important but often neglected parameter for several physiochemical processes, such as atmospheric radiative transfer and ocean biochemistry. We present the development of the METAL-WRF module for the simulation of the composition of desert dust minerals in atmospheric aerosols. The new development is based on the GOCART-AFWA dust module of WRF-Chem. A new wet deposition scheme has been implemented in the dust module alongside the existing dry deposition scheme. The new model includes separate prognostic fields for nine (9) minerals: illite, kaolinite, smectite, calcite, quartz, feldspar, hematite, gypsum, and phosphorus, derived from the GMINER30 database and also iron derived from the FERRUM30 database. Two regional model sensitivity studies are presented for dust events that occurred in August and December 2017, which include a comparison of the model versus elemental dust composition measurements performed in the North Atlantic (at Izaña Observatory, Tenerife Island) and in the eastern Mediterranean (at Agia Marina Xyliatos station, Cyprus Island). The results indicate the important role of dust minerals, as dominant aerosols, for the greater region of North Africa, South Europe, the North Atlantic, and the Middle East, including the dry and wet depositions away from desert sources. Overall, METAL-WRF was found to be capable of reproducing the relative abundances of the different dust minerals in the atmosphere. In particular, the concentration of iron (Fe), which is an important element for ocean biochemistry and solar absorption, was modeled in good agreement with the corresponding measurements at Izaña Observatory (22% overestimation) and at Agia Marina Xyliatos site (4% overestimation). Further model developments, including the implementation of newer surface mineralogical datasets, e.g., from the NASA-EMIT satellite mission, can be implemented in the model to improve its accuracy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:03:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f5996fb636e042dcb3b5e2d164a8db6a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:03:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-f5996fb636e042dcb3b5e2d164a8db6a2023-11-24T14:28:25ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-10-011411161510.3390/atmos14111615The Development of METAL-WRF Regional Model for the Description of Dust Mineralogy in the AtmosphereStavros Solomos0Christos Spyrou1Africa Barreto2Sergio Rodríguez3Yenny González4Marina K. A. Neophytou5Petros Mouzourides6Nikolaos S. Bartsotas7Christina Kalogeri8Slobodan Nickovic9Ana Vukovic Vimic10Mirjam Vujadinovic Mandic11Goran Pejanovic12Bojan Cvetkovic13Vassilis Amiridis14Olga Sykioti15Antonis Gkikas16Christos Zerefos17Research Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology, Academy of Athens, 10679 Athens, GreeceResearch Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology, Academy of Athens, 10679 Athens, GreeceIzaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, SpainIzaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, SpainIzaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, SpainEnvironmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, CyprusEnvironmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, CyprusResearch Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology, Academy of Athens, 10679 Athens, GreeceResearch Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology, Academy of Athens, 10679 Athens, GreeceRepublic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaRepublic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaRepublic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaIAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Athens, GreeceIAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Athens, GreeceResearch Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology, Academy of Athens, 10679 Athens, GreeceResearch Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology, Academy of Athens, 10679 Athens, GreeceThe mineralogical composition of airborne dust particles is an important but often neglected parameter for several physiochemical processes, such as atmospheric radiative transfer and ocean biochemistry. We present the development of the METAL-WRF module for the simulation of the composition of desert dust minerals in atmospheric aerosols. The new development is based on the GOCART-AFWA dust module of WRF-Chem. A new wet deposition scheme has been implemented in the dust module alongside the existing dry deposition scheme. The new model includes separate prognostic fields for nine (9) minerals: illite, kaolinite, smectite, calcite, quartz, feldspar, hematite, gypsum, and phosphorus, derived from the GMINER30 database and also iron derived from the FERRUM30 database. Two regional model sensitivity studies are presented for dust events that occurred in August and December 2017, which include a comparison of the model versus elemental dust composition measurements performed in the North Atlantic (at Izaña Observatory, Tenerife Island) and in the eastern Mediterranean (at Agia Marina Xyliatos station, Cyprus Island). The results indicate the important role of dust minerals, as dominant aerosols, for the greater region of North Africa, South Europe, the North Atlantic, and the Middle East, including the dry and wet depositions away from desert sources. Overall, METAL-WRF was found to be capable of reproducing the relative abundances of the different dust minerals in the atmosphere. In particular, the concentration of iron (Fe), which is an important element for ocean biochemistry and solar absorption, was modeled in good agreement with the corresponding measurements at Izaña Observatory (22% overestimation) and at Agia Marina Xyliatos site (4% overestimation). Further model developments, including the implementation of newer surface mineralogical datasets, e.g., from the NASA-EMIT satellite mission, can be implemented in the model to improve its accuracy.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/11/1615dust mineralogydust modelingWRF |
| spellingShingle | Stavros Solomos Christos Spyrou Africa Barreto Sergio Rodríguez Yenny González Marina K. A. Neophytou Petros Mouzourides Nikolaos S. Bartsotas Christina Kalogeri Slobodan Nickovic Ana Vukovic Vimic Mirjam Vujadinovic Mandic Goran Pejanovic Bojan Cvetkovic Vassilis Amiridis Olga Sykioti Antonis Gkikas Christos Zerefos The Development of METAL-WRF Regional Model for the Description of Dust Mineralogy in the Atmosphere Atmosphere dust mineralogy dust modeling WRF |
| title | The Development of METAL-WRF Regional Model for the Description of Dust Mineralogy in the Atmosphere |
| title_full | The Development of METAL-WRF Regional Model for the Description of Dust Mineralogy in the Atmosphere |
| title_fullStr | The Development of METAL-WRF Regional Model for the Description of Dust Mineralogy in the Atmosphere |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Development of METAL-WRF Regional Model for the Description of Dust Mineralogy in the Atmosphere |
| title_short | The Development of METAL-WRF Regional Model for the Description of Dust Mineralogy in the Atmosphere |
| title_sort | development of metal wrf regional model for the description of dust mineralogy in the atmosphere |
| topic | dust mineralogy dust modeling WRF |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/11/1615 |
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